This study aimed to examine the effects of parity and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on low birth weight (LBW) infants among Japanese women. Participants included 1,518 mothers (mean age 34.0 years) of singleton full-term infants in 2011. The incidence of LBW infants was 7.5% in primiparous women with BMI<18.5 (Group A; n=239), 4.0% in multiparous women with BMI<18.5 (Group B; n=124), 6.0%...

INTRODUCTION Women older than 40 years have been termed "advanced maternal age" and considered to be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. This study aimed to examine the obstetrical outcomes among primiparous and multiparous African advanced maternal age women. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study study at two teaching hospitals at Yaounde, Cameroon. From the hospital records, o...

ABSTRACT Supplementation of Ca products to cows after calving is common in protocols. This study evaluated the effect a Ca-energy drink voluntarily consumed on milk yield and composition, odds reach next lactation, interval. prospective randomized included blinded placebo was conducted 10 commercial dairy farms that 504 Holstein cows. Cows were blocked within farm by sequence parity (p...

Calving ease is of economic importance in dairy cattle and should be considered in breeding programs. Economic values of direct and maternal calving ease were derived based on cost-benefit analysis and gene flow methodology. Marginal returns from dystocia reduction in primiparous dams were -$43 per phenotypic standard deviation compared with $300 for production. For an average mate, numbers of ...

OBJECTIVES To characterize the indications for primary cesarean delivery in a large national cohort and to identify opportunities to lower the U.S. primary cesarean delivery rate. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of the 38,484 primary cesarean deliveries among the 228,562 deliveries at sites participating in the Consortium on Safe Labor from 2002 to 2008. RESULTS The primary cesarean de...

The rumen microbiome represents a complex microbial genetic web where bacteria, anaerobic rumen fungi (ARF), protozoa and archaea work in harmony contributing to the health and productivity of ruminants. We hypothesized that the rumen microbiome shifts as the dairy cow advances in lactations and these microbial changes may contribute to differences in productivity between primiparous (first lac...

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted from the preantral and small antral follicles. It regulates follicle development and inhibits follicular atresia. This study examined how age, parity, and time after parturition affect plasma AMH concentrations in Japanese Black cows. We measured plasma AMH concentrations in primiparous, secundiparous, and multiparous (third parity or higher) cows at fou...

BACKGROUND Pain after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum pain management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural morphine after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal pain. METHODS This randomized, dou...

Aggression is one of the major welfare concerns among group-housed sows, especially during feeding and regrouping. There are no simple solutions, but any attempt to reduce aggression should be considered. Therefore, aim was gestating sows by different dietary fiber using individual places made from either short- or long-length partitions. Five blocks (n = 36 sows/block) primiparous multiparous ...