Delta opioid peptide [D-Ala,D-leu]enkephalin (DADLE) can prolong organ preservation and increases myocardial tolerance to ischemia. Our study examined the protective property of DADLE against methamphetamine(METH) induced dopaminergic terminal damage in the central nervous system. Because the neurotoxicity of METH involves reactive oxygen species, we also examined if DADLE might be an antioxida...

“Drug idiosyncrasy” refers to untoward reactions to drugs that occur in a small fraction of patients and have no obvious relationship to dose or duration of therapy. The liver is a frequent target for toxicity. Much of the conventional thinking about mechanisms of drug idiosyncrasy has centered on hypotheses that the reactions have a metabolic basis involving drug metabolism polymorphisms or th...

Mice with altered a2-adrenergic receptor genes have become important tools in elucidating the subtype-specific functions of the three a2-adrenergic receptor subtypes because of the lack of sufficiently subtype-selective pharmacological agents. Mice with a deletion (knockout) of the a2A-, a2B-, or a2C-gene as well as a point mutation of the a2A-gene (a2A-D79N) and a 3-fold overexpression of the ...

We have previously shown that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of amyloid-! (A!)1–40 produces oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction, as well as learning and memory deficits, in rats. In the present study, effects of a newly synthesized azaindolizinone derivative, spiro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3,2-indan]-2(3H)-one (ZSET1446), were assessed in rats with learning deficits induced by...

We read with interest the article by Fan et al.,[1]Fan R. Papatheodoridis G. Sun J. Innes H. Toyoda Xie Q. al.A MAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients chronic hepatitis.J Hepatol. 2020; 73: 1368-1378Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar wherein they developed an (HCC) called aMAP based on 5 parameters; age, male sex, albumin–bilirubin (ALBI),...

We compared the effects of methotrexate (MTX) and nitrous oxide on the methionine (Met) synthase system in two variants of a human glioma cell line. The cells were protected from cytotoxic effect of MTX by adding thymidine and hypoxanthine to the cell culture medium. MTX (0–1 mM) was associated with a doseand time-dependent reduction in 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF) in both cell lines...

One hundred years ago, Warren established for the first time a quantitative link between dose and time while studying the toxicity of sodium chloride in Daphnia magna (Straus). During this century, many toxicologists in different contexts returned to this idea, which has become known as Haber’s Rule of inhalation toxicology. Most attempts to explore this relationship ended in frustration becaus...

The present study was undertaken to look for the effect of chloroethylclonidine (CEC) on prejunctional alpha-2 autoreceptors of the canine saphenous vein. The effect was tested on tritium overflow evoked by electrical stimulation from tissues preloaded with 0.2 mM H-norepinephrine. Yohimbine (3–300 nM) and CEC (1–125 mM) increased and UK-14,304 reduced the overflow of tritium evoked by 300 puls...

N,N,N ,N -Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN), a transition-metal chelator, was recently found to protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The goals of this study were to investigate the in vivo antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory potential of TPEN in rats and guinea pigs and to study the in vitro effects of TPEN on calcium homeostasis in cultured newborn rat cardiac...

The cannabinoid CB1 (CB1) and dopamine D2 (D2) receptors are coexpressed in the basal ganglia, an area of the brain involved in such processes as cognition, motor function, and emotional control. Several lines of evidence suggest that CB1 and D2 receptors may oligomerize, providing a unique pharmacology in vitro and in vivo. However, limited information exists on the regulation of CB1 and D2 re...