The problem of degeneracy in marginalized particle filtering is addressed. In particular, we note that the degeneracy is caused by loss of entropy of the posterior distribution and design maximum entropy estimates to prevent this. The main technique used in this report is known as forgetting. It is shown that it can be used to suppress the problem with degeneracy, however, it is not a proper cu...

Information on the clinical and biological characteristics of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) users experiencing a venous thromboembolism (VTE) event is scarce. Better knowledge of factors determining the VTE risk in CHC users could help identify women at high risk.Data were obtained from a large cohort of consecutive women with the first documented VTE event. Cross-sectional analysis of...

In theoretical models of residential sorting, a household’s location decision is closely tied to its demand for consuming local public services. School choice programs typically weaken the link between residential location and schooling options. Computable general equilibrium models suggest large general equilibrium effects from expanded school choice, but there is limited empirical evidence co...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of breakfast and other meal consumption by adolescents and to assess the relationship between the first and the last meal consumption and sex, body mass index (BMI), and middle school and high school students' education level. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 among 3009 students (1658 girls and 1351 boys) from middle s and high schools in K...

We present a microscopic theory for dynamic friction on an intramolecular vibrational coordinate of a diatomic molecule dissolved in a simple liquid. Previous theoretical approaches to calculating dynamic friction have either used molecular hydrodynamics or employed a concept of instantaneous normal modes. Both methods have their limitations: molecular hydrodynamics is unable to correctly descr...

OBJECTIVE The influence of hematological indices such as complete blood count on microcirculation is poorly understood. Retinal microvasculature can be directly visualized and vessel calibers are associated with a range of ocular and systemic diseases. We examined the association of complete blood count with retinal vessel calibers. METHODS Cross-sectional population-based Blue Mountains Eye ...

Annualized output growth in the United States was highest during the 1920s, as compared to any other of Field’s (2003, 2009) growth cycles. This motivates us to address the causes of the Roaring Twenties in the United States. In particular, we use a version of the real business cycle model to test the hypothesis that an extraordinary pace of productivity growth was the driving factor. Our motiv...

A questionnaire survey of dairy farmers with low bulk tank milk somatic cell counts (BTMSCC) was carried out to assess the level of mastitis and to quantify risk factors for mastitis. Questionnaires were sent to 3009 producers with an average BTMSCC in 1997 of less than 100,000 cells/ml. One thousand eight hundred thirty nine replies were received, a 61% response rate. The average reported inci...

The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus can grow with short- to long-chain fatty acids as the sole carbon source (R. G. Kranz, K. K. Gabbert, T. A. Locke, and M. T. Madigan, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3003-3009, 1997). Concomitant with growth on fatty acids is the production to high levels of the polyester storage compounds called polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Here, we describe co...