Introduction: Retinoid signaling has been argued to have favorable effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied the role of chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the amyloid-beta (Aβ) model of AD. Methods: Adult male rats weighing 260-330 g were divided into 12 groups of 8 each. Six groups of rats received ATRA (3nM, 30nM, 3μM, 0.3mM, 30...

In 1994-1998, the authors followed 946 breastfeeding women from Michigan and Nebraska for the first 3 months postpartum or until they stopped breastfeeding to describe mastitis incidence, mastitis treatment, and any associations between mastitis occurrence and hypothesized host characteristics and behaviors. Participants were interviewed by telephone at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postpartum or until...

introduction : constipation is one of the most prevalent causes of abdominal pain in pediatrics, with no underlying pathology. it is defined as functional constipation in 95% of cases evaluated. this study was designed to compare the therapeutic effect of polyethylene glycol (peg) and lactulose in treating chronic functional constipation in children. materials and methods: in this randomized, d...