the dual nature of human existence, and having both physical and spiritual affairs have been accepted by religious scholars and divine philosophers . most philosophers, especially muslim  philosophers, despite the disagreement on  the way of soul creation have agreed about the soul creation itself and lack of its precedence over body .at least we can prove this idea with two arguments from ebne...

Williams puts forward and develops his theory of integrity on the basis criticizing utilitarianism Kantian ethics as too demanding to make enough room for personal projects. Instead, advocates that we should act out commitments with which deeply identify ourselves. In doing so, express who really are our life meaningful. If not would be violated may lose Such a description self in moral is crit...

Every day in pulmonary function laboratories and clinics around the world, efforts to ensure the quality of spirometry testing begin, and all too often end, with a few strokes of a 3-liter calibration syringe. Of course, validating a spirometer’s accuracy and precision is a universal practice and is described in great detail in the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ ER...

Although the emotion regulation strategy of reappraisal has been associated with adaptive outcomes, there is a growing evidence that it may not be adaptive in all contexts. In the present study, adolescents reported their use of habitual reappraisal and their experiences with peer victimisation, a chronic stressor that is associated with reduced well-being in this population. We examined how th...

In order to better understand bullying behaviours we examined for the first time the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) of adolescents, bullying behaviours and peer victimisation. The sample consisted of 68 adolescents from a secondary college. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire which assessed their EI, how frequently they engaged in bullying behaviours and how oft...