We use U.S. county-level data consisting of 3,058 observations, to study growth determination and measure the speed of income convergence. County-level data are particularly valuable for studying convergence because they allow us to study a sample with substantial homogeneity and exceptional mobility of capital, labor and technology without sacrificing the benefits of a large number of cross-se...

This study investigates the relationship between various attributes of boards directors on bank performance in light Saudi corporate governance regulations. The data set this is extracted from annual reports all 12 banks listed Stock Exchange (Tadawul) over a period 10 years 2009 to 2018. To test hypotheses, check robustness results, and address potential endogeneity issues, applies different s...

Instrumental variable (IV) strategies are commonly used in political science to establish causal relationships, yet the identifying assumptions required by an IV design demanding and it remains challenging for researchers evaluate their plausibility. We replicate 61 papers published three top journals from past decade (2011-2020) document several troubling patterns: (1) often miscalculate first...

in this study, as for the re-casting, surface alloying and re-solidification layer of this alloys at the work piece level machining with wire electro discharge machining (wedm), changes of surface micro hardness with changes of operational parameters has been studied. therefore, study shows using surface alloying phenomena with the diffusion of wire material into the machined surface and select...

Pertumbuhan ekonomi Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) diidentikkan sebagai ukuran kesejahteraan masyarakat. Usaha mikro kecil (UMK) di Indonesia dapat menjadi pendukung dalam pertumbuhan karena UMK memiliki karakteristik positif sektor yang mampu menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan besar. Pengeluaran juga mempengaruhi PDRB, menunjukkan masyarakat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Jawa Timur salah sat...

BACKGROUND An understanding of whether homocysteine is a cause or a marker of increased blood pressure is relevant because blood homocysteine can be effectively lowered by safe and inexpensive interventions (e.g., vitamin B-6, B-9, and B-12 supplementation). OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the causal influence of homocysteine on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively...

This paper presents a new user-written STATA command called ivtreatreg for the estimation of five different (binary) treatment models with and without idiosyncratic (or heterogeneous) average treatment effect. Depending on the model specified by the user, ivtreatreg provides consistent estimation of average treatment effects both under the hypothesis of “selection on observables” and “selection...