IL-23 and IL-12 are heterodimeric cytokines which share the p40 subunit, but which have unique second subunits, IL-23p19 and IL-12p35. Since p40 is required for the development of the Th1 type response necessary for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii, studies were performed to assess the role of IL-23 in resistance to this pathogen. Increased levels of IL-23 were detected in mice infected with T. ...

Chemistry Dept., Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera St. 8, 01-793 Warszawa; Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Fryderyk Joliot-Curie St. 14a, 50-383 Wrocław; Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, C.K. Norwid St.4/6, 50373 Wrocław; Experimental Acticancer Therapy Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of Polish Academy of Sciences, Rud...

Background and Aims: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has a worldwide distribution and mutations occurring in the large viral genome of IBV have led to extensive antigenic variations among IBVs. This is the first study conducted to determine the complete membrane (M) gene sequences of different Iranian IBV genotypes. Materials and Methods: The M gene of three 793/B (IBKG1,6,7), one Mass...

avian infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by a gammacoronavirus, is an oie-listed (list b) disease and characterized by respiratory and renal involvements, causing high mortality, and economic loss in both layers and broilers. in comparison with other diagnostic methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and conventional rt-pcr are potent, more sensitive and faster techniques for infe...

background and aims: infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes an acute, highly contagious respiratory and kidney disease of chickens which results in significant economic losses in commercial broilers, layers and breeders. rapid identification of ibv serotypes involved in respiratory complex is a problem in the differential diagnosis. materials and methods: in this study, a single and multiplex...

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease affecting more than 100 million people worldwide and up to 2.2% of the UK population. The aetiology of psoriasis is thought to originate from an interplay of genetic, environmental, infectious and lifestyle factors. The manner in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to the molecular disease mechanisms has remained elusive...

In this paper, we consider the [Formula: see text]-Hardy inequalities on the sphere. By the divergence theorem, we establish the [Formula: see text]-Hardy inequalities on the sphere. Furthermore, we also obtain their best constants. Our results can be regarded as the extension of Xiao's (J. Math. Inequal. 10:793-805, 2016).