The hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an important regulator of insulin secretion. GIP has been shown to increase adenylyl cyclase activity, elevate intracellular Ca(2+) levels, and stimulate a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the pancreatic beta-cell. In the current study we demonstrate a role for arachidonic acid in GIP-mediated signal transduction. Stat...

Innate immune response is the first defense against pathogens via recognition by various conserved pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, to initiate a rapid and strong cytokine alarm. TLR signaling-mediated cytokine production must be properly regulated to prevent pathological conditions deriving from overproduction of cytokines. In this study, the role of specific microRNAs in TLR-signa...

Drug addiction is considered a disorder of neuroplasticity in brain reward and cognition systems resulting from aberrant activation of gene expression programs in response to prolonged drug consumption. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of almost all aspects of cellular physiology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼21-23 nucleotides) ncRNAs transcripts that regulate gene expression at th...

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We examined the effects of exercise conditioning on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during handgrip and posthandgrip circulatory arrest (PHG-CA). Two conditioning stimuli were studied: forearm dominance and bodybuilding. Static handgrip at 30% maximal voluntary contraction followed by PHG-CA led to a rise in MSNA smaller in dominant than in nondominant forearms (99% vs. 222%; P less th...

A Cu−carborane-based metal−organic framework (MOF), NU-135, which contains a quasi-spherical para-carborane moiety, has been synthesized and characterized. NU-135 exhibits a pore volume of 1.02 cm/g and a gravimetric BET surface area of ca. 2600 m/g, and thus represents the first highly porous carborane-based MOF. As a consequence of the unique geometry of the carborane unit, NU-135 has a very ...

Synergy of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) with cardiovascular risk factors to estimate atherosclerosis presence in ischemic stroke patients has not been investigated. The present study aimed to identify atherosclerosis-related circulating miRNAs and to evaluate interaction with other cardiovascular markers to improve the estimation of atherosclerosis presence. We performed a miRNA profiling study ...

&&&s: A new instnunent has bee” developed, in order to increase the information about the mechanisms involved, which performs spectral analysis of the fluorescence light. This instlwnentation is though to be capable of doiig in viva (lens and anterior chamber) and in vifro measurements. The experimental system consist basically of: a modified slit lamp, with four different excitation wavelength...

(a) [Problem 2.2 in DFT] For u 1 : For u 2 : For u 3 : Note that u 1 = u 2 2 = ∞ 0 1 · dt = ∞, while u ∞ = 1 and P ow(u) = lim T →∞ 1 2T T 0 1 · dt = 1 2. T −T u 2 (t)dt = T 0 u 2 (t)dt = T 0 |u(t)|dt = k−1 i=0 2 2i for 2 2k−1 ≤ T ≤ 2 2k , k ≥ 1. Hence, u 1 = u 2 = ∞ while u ∞ = 1. Finally: P ow(u) = lim T →∞ 1 2T T −T u 2 (t)dt =    lim k→∞ 1 2 2k k−1 i=0 2 2i = 1 4 when T = 2 2k−1 , k ≥ 1 ...

Problem 1 (a) Recall that the null space and the range of a matrix A ∈ C m×n are defined as: N (A) = {x ∈ C n |Ax = 0} R(A) = {y ∈ C m |y = Ax, for some x ∈ C n } Note that N (A) is a subspace of C n since it contains 0 ∈ C n (A0 = 0) and is closed under addition and scalar multiplication: x 1 , x 2 ∈ N (A) ⇒ Ax 1 = 0 and Ax 2 = 0 ⇒ Ax 1 + Ax 2 = 0 ⇒ A(x 1 + x 2) = 0 ⇒ x 1 + x 2 ∈ N (A) x ∈ N (...