The calibration of pH meters including the pH glass electrode, ISE electrodes, buffers, and the general background for calibration are reviewed. Understanding of basic concepts of pH, pOH, and electrode mechanism is emphasized. New concepts of pH, pOH, as well as critical examination of activity, and activity coefficients are given. The emergence of new solid state pH electrodes and replacement...

Smart meters are assumed to contribute to energy conservation by providing updated consumption data to energy utilities, but, given their pervasive presence in consumers’ homes, they could also provide timely feedback to energy consumers/users. A precondition, however, is that smart meters are really usable to lay consumers. In the present study 40 participants were videorecorded while performi...

microRNA-210 (miR-210) is upregulated in hypoxia, but its function in cardiomyocytes and its regulation in response to hypoxia are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify upstream regulators of miR-210, as well as to characterize miR-210's function in cardiomyocytes. We first showed miR-210 is upregulated through both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent and -indep...