Plants have versatile detoxification systems to encounter the phytotoxicity of the wide range of natural and synthetic compounds present in the environment. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an enzyme that detoxifies natural and exogenous toxic compounds by conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Recently, several roles of GST giving stress tolerance in plants have demonstrated, but little is know...

Heavy metals are metallic elements which have a high atomic weight and a density much greater (at least 5 times) than water. There are more than 20 heavy metals, but four are of particular concern to human health: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and inorganic arsenic (As). According to the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, these four heavy metals are four of the top six...

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are toxic pollutants released by various urban combustion sources. tehran is the largest city in iran with a population of about 8 million and it is faced with serious air quality problems. the gas phase samples collected from 21 sites in tehran area throughout year 2005. the samples‘ pahs were collected using a skc trapping consisting of glass cartridg...

The discharge of potentially toxic trace metals into the environment has become a global problem. As a result of industrial activities and technological development, the amount of heavy metal ions discharged into streams and rivers by industrial and municipal waste-water have been increasing. In addition to natural sources of heavy metals (i.e. geologic weathering, volcanic activity, and animal...

Heavy metal pollution represents an important environmental problem due to the toxic effects of metals. Their accumulation throughout the food chain leads to serious ecological and health problems. The remediation of environments metal contaminated through physico-chemical methods present major disadvantages such as high energy consumption, high costs and incomplete removal of metal ions. Bioso...

ajor emphasis is placed today on treating plating solutions and rinsewater to reduce the concentration of toxic metals to below established limits prior to discharge or water reuse. Available technology is adequate for partial treatment of most wastewater; however, new technology is needed to scavenge heavy metals from complexed or chelated compounds in rinsewater. Several report^^-'^ from this...

Urban soil pollution has become a major concern in megacities around the world. Due to their non-degradable characteristic, toxic metals are among the most notorious pollutants. In this study determination of total and bioavailable fraction of toxic metals Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb and Mn, in surface soils of district 16th in Tehran municipality is considered. Furthermore, metals uptake potent...