In this paper I argue that the effect of ideology on tax structure depends on the electoral system. Earlier research has argued that left wing governments tax more progressively, but in light of recent empirical work, this has been challenged. The dominant approach instead posits that the left taxes regressively while spending progressively. That is, the left still redistributes more, but it ta...

1. Setting up the foundations 3 2. The Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms 4 3. Stable and unstable homotopy groups 5 4. Spectral sequences and calculations in homology and homotopy 6 5. Steenrod operations, K(π, n)’s, and characteristic classes 8 6. The introduction of cobordism 10 7. The route from cobordism towards K-theory 12 8. Bott periodicity and K-theory 14 9. The Adams spectral sequence and Hopf...

Dr Pingoud was born on 31 August 1945, as the son of a businessman and a teacher in Schwaan (Mecklenburg, Germany). After completing high school in Langen (Hessen, Germany), he studied Biochemistry at the University of Tübingen and at Amherst College in Massachusetts, graduating in 1969 with a thesis describing ‘Studies on the aldehydeoxidase’ with Prof Ernst Bayer at the Institute of Organic C...

Larry L. Needham, a strong scientist and a staunch advocate for the use of exposure science in public health, passed away on 23 October 2010 after a 2‑year battle with renal cell carcinoma. He will be remem‑ bered as a scientist with great vision who had the ability to develop and sustain impact‑ ful research programs that provided a strong underpinning for furthering exposure science. These pr...

Context. Charge transfer (or exchange) reactions between hydrogen atoms and protons in collisionless shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs) are a natural way of producing broad Balmer, Lyman and other lines of hydrogen. Aims. We wish to quantify the importance of shock-induced, non-thermal hydrogen emission from SNRs in young galaxies. Methods. We present a method to estimate the luminosity of bro...

The poor prognosis associated with chaotic irregularity of the pulse was clearly known by most of ancient physicians. Perhaps the earliest description of atrial fibrillation is in Chinese, in The Yellow Emperors Classic of Internal Medicine, but in recorded history, William Harvey in 1628 was probably the first to describe ‘fibrillation of the auricles’ in animals. The first electrocardiographi...

John Merlie died suddenly and unexpectedly on May 27, 1995, of a heart attack. Hiswork on the regulation of neuromuscular synapse formation has had a major impact on the field, both in its breadth and in its accuracy. In fact, many feel that his most recent contributions and work soon to be published will be perhaps the most influential of his career. After earning a bachelor of science degree ...