The study reports on the results recorded during a series of semenology workshops presented from 1997 to 2014. The results were obtained from training workshops that were conducted in 6 continents in 38 cities including 1124 individuals. All workshops consisted of 2 sessions namely a pre-and post-training session. Results recorded from the pre-training sessions were used as a baseline value of ...

Introduction: Surgical procedures, especially total laryngectomy, have a profound adverse effect on the patient's physical, functional, as well as emotional health, and strongly decrease quality of life. Tracheoesophageal puncture is one of the most significant method that is widely performed successfully by physicians. Current valve technology enables long expiring duration; however, gen...

Background: IL-4 is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells into Th2 cells. Once activated by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. Objective: To examine the effect of IL-4 on IL-17 production and its effect in Collagen- Induced Arthritis (CIA) mice. Method: In this study, a chicken collagen-II-induced experimental arthritis (CIA) model was used in DBA/1 ...

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