Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) constitute the mesolimbocortical system that underlies addiction and psychosis primarily as a result of increased dopaminergic transmission. Dopamine release is spike dependent. L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) play an important role in regulating firing activities, but the contribution of specific subtypes remains unclear. This arti...

Two deoxyglucose (DG) derivatives, (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(ethylcarbamate)-D-glucose (ECB-DG) and (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-D-glucose (DHP-DG), were synthesized and radiolabeled successfully with [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ complex. [99mTc]-ECB-DG and [99mTc]-DHP-DG complexes were prepared (96% and 93% radiochemical purities respectively) by using 46 mCi of Na99mTcO4 in 1 mL saline. Radi...

To test the hypothesis that Ca channel plays a role in renal epithelial Ca transport, we exposed and patched apical membranes of freshly microdissected rabbit connecting tubules (CNTs). Single channel Ca currents were recorded with Ba as the charge carrier. In the cell-attached mode, 8-Br-cAMP increased the open-state probability (P.) to 0.6%. In excised, inside-out patches, P. was low spontane...

The modulation of calcium channel density and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle after different training protocols were studied in 3-year-old Atlantic salmon smolts. The effect of endurance exercise on dihydropyridine (DHP) and ryanodine (Ry) receptor densities as well as on muscle metabolism were determined by immunoblot and histochemical analysis from swimming muscles of fish subjected to...

two deoxyglucose (dg) derivatives, (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(ethylcarbamate)-d-glucose (ecb-dg) and (α,β)-2-deoxy-2-amino(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-d-glucose (dhp-dg), were synthesized and radiolabeled successfully with [99mtc(h2o)3(co)3]+ complex. [99mtc]-ecb-dg and [99mtc]-dhp-dg complexes were prepared (96% and 93% radiochemical purities respectively) by using 46 mci of na99mtco4 in 1 ml saline. radi...

Expression of the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor (alpha 1 subunit of L-type calcium channel) in heart is regulated by differentiation and innervation and is altered in congestive heart failure. We examined the transmembrane signaling pathways by which norepinephrine regulates DHP receptor expression in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Using a 1.3-kb rat cardiac DHP receptor probe, an...

Some new Mannich Bases of 1, 4 Dihydropyridine derivatives were synthesised by reaction of 1, 4 Dihydropyridine derivatives formaldehyde (HCHO) & secondary amines (e.g. morpholine, 1-methyl piperazine) in 1:1 ratio under acidic condition in presence of trace HCl. The compounds synthesised were identified by UV, 1H NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. All compounds studied in this work were ...

Dihydropyridine (DHP) L-type Ca(2+) channel (LTCC) antagonists, such as nifedipine, have been reported to impair the extinction of conditioned fear without interfering with its acquisition. Identification of the LTCC isoforms mediating this DHP effect is an essential basis to reveal their role as potential drug targets for the treatment of specific anxiety disorders. Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)1.3 are t...

  Among the present classes of calcium channel blockers, dihydropyridine derivatives are widely used in the therapy of hypertension, angina pectoris and the other cardiovascular diseases. Since the prototype of dihydropyridine derivatives, nifedipine, does not have the optimum pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, several attempts have been made to synthesize other drugs in this ...