In this report, we show that the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV G) contains within its extracellular membrane-proximal stem (GS) a domain that is required for efficient VSV budding. To determine a minimal sequence in GS that provides for high-level virus assembly, we have generated a series of recombinant DeltaG-VSVs which express chimeric glycoproteins having truncated stem se...

Tumor budding/sprouting has been shown to be an independent adverse prognostic factor in T1 and T3N0 colorectal carcinomas, however, its assessment could be improved by more accurate identification of budding carcinoma cells and consideration of budding areas. Moreover, tumor budding mechanisms are yet to be defined. In this study, we evaluated the identification of budding tumor cells by eithe...

The heart is the first functioning organ in the embryo and provides blood flow during cardiac morphogenesis from a muscle-wrapped tube a few cells thick to the four-chambered pump. We described the hemodynamics of the chick embryo from stage 12 (50 hours of a 21-day incubation) to stage 29 (6 days), during which the embryo weight increased 120-fold. We measured ventricular, embryo and extraembr...

The present article is aimed at study on agroclimatic conditions of cultivation of sunflower throughout selected substations at Kurdistan  Province by means of GIS system. In this investigation, meteorological data have been received from synoptic stations based on daily, monthly, and annually trend from Iran Meteorological Organization (IMO) at Kurdistan  Province and then homogeneity of data ...

Influenza A virus (IAV) assembly and budding on host cell surface plasma membrane requires actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The underlying molecular mechanism involving actin reorganization remains unclarified. In this study, we found that the natural antiviral compound petagalloyl glucose (PGG) inhibits F-actin reorganization in the host cell membrane during the late stage of IAV infection, ...

Phenology can directly reflect the characteristics of rubber seedling, people determine agricultural time arrangements seedling germination, cut back, tending management and nursery operation. In this study, phenological period top leaf hevea tree seedlings was divided into four treatments, back carried out in sprout period, bronze stage, light green stage stable respectively. The effects sawin...