Many cancers escape host immunity without losing tumor-specific rejection antigens or MHC class I expression. This study tracks the evolution of one such cancer that developed in a mouse following exposure to ultraviolet light. The primary autochthonous tumor was not highly malignant and was rejected when transplanted into naïve immunocompetent mice. Neoplastic cells isolated from the primary t...

We introduce a novel approach to comparing the complexity of streams, namely in terms of reducibility by finite state transducers. This gives rise to a hierarchy of stream ‘degrees,’ somewhat analogous to the recursion-theoretic degrees of unsolvability. It is the structure and properties of this partial order of degrees that we are primarily interested in. Remarkably, in spite of its simplicit...

We solve a family of quadratic Diophantine equations associated with a simple kind of game. We show that the ternary case, in many ways, is the most interesting and the least arbitrary member of the family. 1. The Matching Games An (n, d)-matching game (n, d ≥ 2) is a game in which the player draws d balls from a bag of balls of n different colors. The player wins if and only if the balls drawn...

Due to the high homology between the LAGE-1 and NY-ESO-1 proteins, we hypothesized that an anti-NY-ESO-1 vaccine might elicit LAGE-1 immunity and hence may be effective in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with LAGE-1-positive/NY-ESO-1-negative tumors. Therefore, we set out to evaluate LAGE-1 and NY-ESO-1 mRNA and protein expression in MM patients in a bid to evaluate possible benefits of their ho...

Recently, Tu and Deng proposed a combinatorial conjecture about binary strings, and, on the assumption that the conjecture is correct, they obtained two classes of Boolean functions which are both algebraic immunity optimal, the first of which are also bent functions. The second class gives balanced functions, which have optimal algebraic degree and the best nonlinearity known up to now. In thi...

We generalize the original tennis ball problem to the case in which the number of balls received and the number of balls discarded can vary from move to move, and derive formulas solving the problem in that case. We then use these formulas to obtain new and simpler proofs of the relation between the solution to the original tennis ball problem and the Catalan numbers, as well as a considerably ...