BACKGROUND The term kernicterus, or bilirubin encephalopathy, is used to describe pathological bilirubin staining of the basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum, and is associated with hyperbilirubinemia. Kernicterus generally occurs in untreated hyperbilirubinemia or cases where treatment is delayed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based studies have shown characteristic findings in kernict...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SIACI of bevacizumab has emerged as a promising novel therapy in the treatment of recurrent GB. This study assessed the potential of (1)H-MRS as an adjunctive technique in detecting metabolic changes reflective of antiproliferative effects of targeted infusion of bevacizumab in the treatment of GB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients enrolled in a phase I/II study o...

BACKGROUND Reduced N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) levels in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may visualize axonal damage even in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM). Demyelination and axonal degeneration are a hallmark in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To define the extent of axonal degeneration in the NAWM in the remote from focal lesions in patients with relapsing-remitting (RRMS) a...

BACKGROUND Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) offers improved diagnostic accuracy, compared with smear microscopy, in differentiating MTB from other mycobacteria. We aimed to evaluate the reliability and projected impact of NAA testing in patients with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive respiratory samples. METHODS We identified a retrospective c...

N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) and its hydrolysis product N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA) are among the most important brain metabolites. NAA is a marker of neuron integrity and viability, while NAAG modulates glutamate release and may have a role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. Investigating on a quantitative basis the role of these metabolites in brain metabolism in vivo by magneti...

Introduction Dynamic C NMR spectroscopy combined with C label administration has been used to study brain metabolism non-invasively. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) metabolism has been considered to be slow [1-3] and to have a similar turnover time as glycogen [3]. Most studies employed direct C detection to measure C label in NAA, with an additional external reference to calculate the isotopic enrich...

Aconitum vilmorinianum, a well-known traditional Chinese herb, is recently being threatened by overexploitation and environment disturbance. This study was conducted to provide propagation methods through in vitro germination explant cultivation. Germination stimulated up 66.00% on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 30...

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is an amino acid derivative present in high concentration in the brain. The function of NAA is still unsettled in spite of 50 years of research. The mainly neuronal synthesis and glial breakdown of NAA requires a well regulated neuronal efflux and glial uptake. In the present work hippocampal slices were used to study how NAA efflux from neurons is regulated and to furth...

Berginia ligulata is medicinally significant and endangered plant of the western Himalayan Region. This used to treat many diseases such as urinary problems heart problems. By using leaf explant, an efficient rapid micropropagation protocol was developed. In in-vitro propagation, MS medium supplemented with benzyl amino purine (BAP), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) indol-3-acetic (IAA) induce m...

Introduction N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) is a major brain metabolite and its presence is used increasingly in clinical and experimental MRS studies as a putative neuronal marker. A reduction in NAA levels as assessed by in vim proton MRS has been suggested to be indicative of neuronal viability. However temporal observations of brain pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS), mitochondrial encep...