نتایج جستجو برای: 0055
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The question of whether knowledge is definable in terms of belief, which has played an important role in epistemology for the last fifty years, is studied here in the framework of epistemic and doxastic logics. Three notions of definability are considered: explicit definability, implicit definability, and reducibility, where explicit definability is equivalent to the combination of implicit def...
The question of whether knowledge is definable in terms of belief, which has played an important role in epistemology for the last fifty years, is studied here in the framework of epistemic and doxastic logics. Three notions of definability are considered: explicit definability, implicit definability, and reducibility, where explicit definability is equivalent to the combination of implicit def...
A definition of causality introduced by Halpern and Pearl [2005a], which uses structural equations, is reviewed. A more refined definition is then considered, which takes into account issues of normality and typicality, which are well known to affect causal ascriptions. Causality is typically an all-or-nothing notion: either A is a cause of B or it is not. An extension of the definition of caus...
Mechanical properties of expanded skin tissue are different from normal skin, which is dependent mainly on the structural and functional integrity of dermal collagen fibrils. In the present study, mechanical properties and surface topography of both expanded and nonexpanded skin collagen fibrils were evaluated. Anisotropic controlled rate self-inflating tissue expanders were placed beneath the ...
In a model where agents have unequal production skills and di erent preferences, we build social welfare functions which rely only on ordinal non-comparable information on individual preferences. Social welfare functions are required to satisfy properties of compensation for inequalities in skills, and responsibility for preferences. Then, assuming skills and preferences are unobservable, we us...
Three notions of definability in multimodal logic are considered. Two are analogous to the notions of explicit definability and implicit definability introduced by Beth in the context of first-order logic. However, while by Beth’s theorem the two types of definability are equivalent for first-order logic, such an equivalence does not hold for multimodal logics. A third notion of definability, r...
R. Dunlop,1,* G. C. Ball,2 J. R. Leslie,3 C. E. Svensson,1 I. S. Towner,4 C. Andreoiu,5 S. Chagnon-Lessard,1 A. Chester,5 D. S. Cross,5 P. Finlay,1,† A. B. Garnsworthy,2 P. E. Garrett,1 J. Glister,2 G. Hackman,2 B. Hadinia,1 K. G. Leach,1 E. T. Rand,1 K. Starosta,5 E. R. Tardiff,2 S. Triambak,2,6 S. J. Williams,2 J. Wong,1 S. W. Yates,7 and E. F. Zganjar8 1Department of Physics, University of G...
We provide new and tight lower bounds on the ability of players to implement equilibria using cheap talk, that is, just allowing communication among the players. One of our main results is that, in general, it is impossible to implement three-player Nash equilibria in a bounded number of rounds. We also give the first rigorous connection between Byzantine agreement lower bounds and lower bounds...
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of two close quasar– quasar pairs found in the Large Bright Quasar Survey (LBQS) (Hewett et al. 1995, AJ, 109, 1498). The two components of the 2153-2056 pair (z = 1.845, ∆θ = 7. 8, B = 17.9 and 21.3) have the same redshifts within the relatively large uncertainty, ∆vA−B = −1100±1500 km s, of the observations. The quasars are most likely spa...
در این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر سمیت زیر کشنده شیرابه گیاه فرفیون ترکمنی(euphorbia turcomanica) در غلظت های صفر، 0055/0، 011/0 و 022/0 گرم بر لیتر بر روی برخی تغییرات شاخص های بیوشیمیایی کبد ماهی آفانیوس گورخری (aphanius dispar) پس از گذشت 15 و 30 روز و در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ابتدا مقدار میانگین (± خطای استاندارد) 50lc شیرابه گیاه فرفیون ترکمنی در زمان های 24، 48، 72 و 96 ساعت به...
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