OBJECTIVE(S) There are many reports about the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in modulating stress-induced analgesia (SIA). In the previous study we demonstrated that temporal inactivation of RVM by lidocaine potentiated stress-induced analgesia. In this study, we investigated the effect of permanent lesion of the RVM on SIA by using formalin test as a model of acute inflammatory pai...

results all doses of g. vitellinum extract induced anti-nociception activity during the first and second phases of the formalin test. the extract showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose-related inhibition during the first phase compared to the control group. in the second phase of the formalin test, the extract showed analgesic activity comparable to the effect of morphine. in pre-treatment with n...

We report the effect of various chemicals, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production of blood leukocytes, complement activity and plasma lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish Carassius auratus (23 +/- 2 g) against Aeromonas hydrophila on Days 15 and 30 post-infection. In infected fish, the administration o...

A study has been made of the preservation of fine structure, phospholipids, and the activity of acid phosphatase and esterase in rat liver fixed in various solutions containing 4 per cent formaldehyde. Examination of methacrylate-embedded preparations shows that calcium-containing fixatives result in poor preservation of fine structure, whereas veronal-treated or phosphate-buffered formalin giv...