The chemokine G protein-coupled receptor CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is used as an entry gate by CCR5-tropic and dual- or CCR5/CXC chemokine receptor 4-tropic strains of HIV to enter the human host cells. Thus, CCR5 antagonists (i.e., maraviroc) have been proven to be clinically effective by preventing the interaction between viral glycoprotein 120 and CCR5 and thus impeding viral entry into...

CCR5 is a chemokine receptor expressed by T cells and macrophages, which also functions as the principal coreceptor for macrophage (M)-tropic strains of HIV-1. To understand the molecular basis of the binding of chemokines and HIV-1 to CCR5, we developed a number of mAbs that inhibit the various interactions of CCR5, and mapped the binding sites of these mAbs using a panel of CCR5/CCR2b chimera...

chemokines participate in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses by interacting with their specific receptors on related immune and inflammatory cells such as b-lymphocytes, t-lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. chemokines and their receptors are therefore considered to mediate inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune disorders. the recent studies have revealed the genoty...

The C-C chemokine receptor CCR5 serves an important function in chemotaxis of lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. CCR5 is also the major coreceptor in most macrophage-tropic HIV-1 infections. Immunization of rhesus macaques with a baculovirus-generated CCR5 construct or peptides derived from the sequences of the four extracellular domains of CCR5 elicited IgG and IgA Abs, inhibition of...

In passaging experiments, we isolated HIV strains resistant to MAb3952, a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) monoclonal antibody (MAb) that binds to the second extracellular domain (extracellular loop 2 [ECL-2]) of CCR5. MAb3952-resistant viruses remain CCR5-tropic and are cross-resistant to a second ECL-2-specific antibody. Surprisingly, MAb3952-resistant viruses were more susceptible to ...

Infection of susceptible mouse strains with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) is a valuable experimental model of cerebral malaria (CM). Two major pathologic features of CM are the intravascular sequestration of infected erythrocytes and leukocytes inside brain microvessels. We have recently shown that only the CD8+ T-cell subset of these brain-sequestered leukocytes is critical for progression to ...

Macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 strains use the beta-chemokine receptor CCR5, but not CCR2b, as a cofactor for membrane fusion and infection, while the dual-tropic strain 89.6 uses both. CCR5/2b chimeras and mutants were used to map regions of CCR5 important for cofactor function and specificity. M-tropic strains required either the amino-terminal domain or the first extracellular loop of CC...

CCR5 is a chemokine receptor expressed on blood T lymphocytes and monocyte-macrophages; in the genital tract,1 it works as the main HIV coreceptor.2,3 CCR5 mediates HIV entry following sexual transmission. Many studies have addressed the role of the CCR5 molecule as a putative target to prevent HIV infection. Serum antibodies to CCR5, found in subpopulations of HIVexposed seronegative subjects ...

Rejected MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts in CCR5(-/-) recipients have low T cell infiltration, but intense deposition of C3d in the large vessels and capillaries of the graft, characteristics of Ab-mediated rejection. The roles of donor-specific Ab and CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in the rejection of complete MHC-mismatched heart grafts by CCR5(-/-) recipients were directly investigated. Wild...

Evidence showed that chemokines serve as pro-migratory factors for immune cells. CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, as the main CC chemokines subfamily members, activate immune cells through binding to CC chemokine receptor 5 or CCR5. Macrophages, NK cells and T lymphocytes express CCR5 and thus, affected CCR5 expression or functions could be associated with altered immune responses. Deletion of 32 base pair...