A nonapeptide derived from the C terminus of the insulin B chain, H(2)N-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ala-COOH, was found to strongly inhibit dopamine (DA) uptake by rat dopamine transporter (DAT) stably expressed in CHO cells (designated D8 cells). The kinetic experiments on D8 cells gave a curve typical of competitive inhibition with an IC(50)=6.9 microM. This inhibitory effect was also con...

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Salinity and drought severely affect both plant growth and productivity, making the isolation and characterization of salinity- or drought-inducible promoters suitable for genetic improvement of crop resistance highly desirable. In this study, a 1468-bp sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG of the promoter for ZmGAPP (maize Type-II H+-pyrophosphatase gene) was cloned. Nine 5...

Optomotor studies have shown that three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are more sensitive to red during summer than winter, which may be related to the need to detect the red breeding colour of males. This study aimed to determine whether this change of red light sensitivity is specifically related to reproductive physiology. The mRNA levels of opsin genes were examined in the ret...

This study investigates the temporal and spatial interchange of the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) between human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) and tachyzoites of the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is combined with Raman micro-spectroscopy to selectively monitor the incorpora...

In this paper we present the aggregational motifs of the widely used alkali-metal cyclopentadienides (CpLi, CpNa, CpK, CpRb, CpCs) in THF-d8 solution estimated by ECC-DOSY NMR spectroscopy. They form monomeric contact ion pairs (CIPs) in THF-d8 solution, whereas in NH3 solvent-separated ion pairs (SSIPs) are observed. The applicability of ECC-DOSY is further advanced by introducing ECC-MW estim...

As a top-down holographic approach, the D4/D8 model is expected to be version of QCD, since it almost includes all elementary features QCD based on string theory. In this manuscript, we review fundamental properties with respect D4-brane background and embedding flavor branes, quark, gluon, meson, baryon glueball various symmetries; then, take look at some interesting applications developments ...