For more than 50 years, it has been assumed that ventricular fibrillation (VF) is maintained solely by reentry in the working myocardium. This hypothesis has never been tested by recording VF with electrodes spaced sufficiently close to map activation sequences in 3D. We recorded the first 10 minutes of electrically induced VF from the anterior left ventricular (LV) free wall near the insertion...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the late Na current blocker ranolazine suppresses re-entrant and multifocal ventricular fibrillation (VF). BACKGROUND VF can be caused by either re-entrant or focal mechanism. METHODS Simultaneous voltage and intracellular Ca(+)² optical mapping of the left ventricular epicardial surface along with microelectrode recording...

BACKGROUND Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) has been widely accepted for the treatment for early gastric cancer. Obesity is a rapidly growing epidemic, and the number of obese patients with gastric cancer is increasing, but the impact of visceral fat (VF) accumulation on laparoscopic gastric surgery remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of VF ac...

The mechanisms behind the complex activation sequences during ventricular fibrillation (VF) have been the topic of intense research over many years. Experimental studies in animal models of VF, as well as clinical studies of human VF,1–8 have provided a wealth of data on the nature of electric activity in the fibrillating heart. Supplemented by computer simulations and a theoretical framework o...

BACKGROUND A therapeutic implication of the focal-source hypothesis of ventricular fibrillation (VF) is that VF can be terminated by focal ablation. We hypothesize that beta-adrenergic receptor blockade converts multiple-wavelet VF to focal-source VF and that this focal source is located near the papillary muscle (PM). METHODS AND RESULTS We used optical mapping techniques to study the effect...

Conventional defibrillators which stored no more than 400 J and used damped sine wave pulses defibrillated 240 of 253 (95%) episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 94 prospectively assessed resuscitations in 88 adults. Shocks of 80--240 J (under 3 J/kg) delivered to the chest wall defibrillated more often than higher energy levels. Defibrillation rate did not correlate with weight. Defibri...

OBJECTIVE Visceral fat (VF) increases cardiometabolic risk more than fat stored subcutaneously. Here, we investigated how well routine clinical measures of adiposity, namely body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (waist), predict VF and subcutaneous fat (SF) in a large population-based sample of adolescents. As body-fat distribution differs between males and females, we performed these a...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that aldosterone blockade can reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with heart failure. The SPIronolactone to Reduce ICD Therapy (SPIRIT) trial was designed to test the hypothesis that spironolactone reduces the incidence of VT/VF in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ventricular fibrillation (VF) can inadvertently occur during electrophysiologic study (EPS) or catheter ablation. We investigated the incidence, cause, and progress of inadvertently developed VF during EPS and catheter ablation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We reviewed patients who had developed inadvertent VF during EPS or catheter ablation. Patients who developed VF during...

PURPOSE To investigate risk factors associated with progressive visual field (VF) loss in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical record of PACG patients who had ≥5 reliable VF examinations (central 24-2 threshold test, Humphrey Field Analyzer) and ≥2 years of follow-up. Each VF was scored using Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study system. ...