This paper describes a general methodology for simplifying the design and analysis of BAR protocols. BAR protocols allow the participation of Byzantine, Altruistic, and Rational players. Because BAR protocols tolerate both arbitrary behaviors by some nodes and selfish behavior by the rest, they are appropriate for service and applications spanning multiple administrative domains. We focus our a...

We have used 2D Fabry-Perot absorption-line spectroscopy of the SB0 galaxy NGC 7079 to measure its bar pattern speed, Ωp. As in all previous cases of bar pattern speed measurements, we find a fast bar. We estimate that NGC 7079 has been undisturbed for at least the past Gyr or roughly 8 bar rotations, long enough for the bar to have slowed down significantly through dynamical friction if the di...

Evidence of a misaligned secondary bar, within the primary bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), is presented. The density distribution and the dereddened mean magnitudes ( ) of the red clump stars in the bar I0 obtained from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment II data are used for this study. The bar region that predominantly showed a wavy pattern in the line of sight in a recent p...

ABSTRACT We use the NewHorizon simulation to study redshift evolution of bar properties and fractions within galaxies in stellar masses range M? = 107.25–1011.4$\, \rm {M}_\odot$ over z 0.25–1.3. select disc using kinematics as a proxy for galaxy morphology. employ two different automated detection methods, coupled with visual inspection, resulting observable fbar 0.070$_{{-0.012}}^{{+0.018}}$ ...

The division of galaxies into " barred " (SB) and " normal " (S) spirals is a fundamental aspect of the Hubble galaxy classification system. This " tuning fork " view was revised by de Vaucouleurs, whose classification volume recognized apparent " bar strength " (SA, SAB, SB) as a continuous property of galaxies called the " family ". However, the SA, SAB, and SB families are purely visual judg...

Measurement of the t(t) over bar Differential Cross Section d sigma/dM(t(t) over bar) in p(p) over bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV Citation Aaltonen, T. et al. " First Measurement of the tt-bar Differential Cross Section d sigma /dMtt-bar in pp-bar Collisions at s=1.96 TeV. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer...

We use data from the BIMA Survey of Nearby Galaxies (SONG) to investigate the relationship between ellipticity and central mass concentration in barred spirals. Existing simulations predict that bar ellipticity decreases as inflowing mass driven by the bar accumulates in the central regions, ultimately destroying the bar. Using the ratio of the bulge mass to the mass within the bar radius as an...

We developed a novel low-radiation-absorbent lok-bar (HM-bar) that is used to secure the immobilizers to the couch. The aim of this study was to investigate the X-ray scattering and absorption properties of the HM-bar in computed tomography (CT) simulation and radiotherapy dose delivery using the Varian Exact™ lok-bar (VL-bar) as a benchmark. CT images were obtained with or without lok-bar, and...

PURPOSE The interaction of Porphyromonas gingivalis with commensal streptococci promotes P. gingivalis colonization of the oral cavity. We previously showed that a synthetic peptide (BAR) derived from Streptococcus gordonii potently inhibited the formation of P. gingivalis/S. gordonii biofilms (IC50 =1.3 µM) and reduced P. gingivalis virulence in a mouse model of periodontitis. Thus, BAR repres...