Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) is secreted by astrocytes and stimulates apolipoprotein E (apoE)-HDL biogenesis by an autocrine mechanism to help in recovery from brain injury. In apoE-deficient mouse astrocytes, FGF-1 stimulated cholesterol biosynthesis without enhancing its release, indicating a signaling pathway independent of apoE biosynthesis upregulation. SU5402, an inhibitor of FGF re...

The effect of monocyte/macrophage-derived wild-type mouse apolipoprotein E (apoE), human apoE3-Leiden, and human apoE2 on serum cholesterol levels and the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient (apoe-/-) mice was investigated by using bone marrow transplantation (BMT). At 4 weeks after BMT, murine apoe+/+ bone marrow reduced serum cholesterol levels by 87% in apoe-/- mice, whereas mac...

INTRODUCTION The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A number of studies have reported that AT1R inhibition or genetic AT1R disruption and PPARγ activation inhibit vascular inflammation and improve glucose and lipid metabolism, underscoring a molecular interaction of AT1R ...

Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that apolipoprotein (apoE), a lipid transporting protein, facilitates olfactory nerve regeneration. We have shown that apoE is enriched in the olfactory nerve and around the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb (OB). The studies reported herein were undertaken to identify possible sources of apoE in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Immunoblotting results re...

ApoE plays a key role in various biological events. The aim of this study is to clarify its clinical significance in gastric cancer. We obtained paired clinical bulk samples of tumor tissue and corresponding normal tissue from 124 gastric cancer patients. To address ApoE mRNA expression clearly, we selected four samples, and differentially dissected gastric cancer and normal epithelium using la...

The clinical relevance of apoE concentration in lipoprotein fractions should be evaluated. We investigated the impact of the common apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism in conjunction with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoE concentration on the receptor binding properties of VLDL preparations from 17 normolipidemic subjects of the HepG2 cell surface receptors. All six apoE genotypes were s...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) influences both innate and acquired immunity in cultured cells. To determine whether apoE affects the immune system in vivo, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) was administered intraperitoneally (10(4) c.f.u.) to congenic C57BL/6 apoE-/- and +/+ mice (n = 12 in each group). Survival was assessed daily for 5 days. Deficiency of apoE significantly increased death by day 5 (P = 0....

INTRODUCTION Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulates in the extracellular space as diffuse and neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ also deposits on the walls of arterioles as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in most cases of AD and sometimes independently of AD. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) ɛ4 is associated with increases in both Aβ plaques and CAA in humans. Studies in mouse models that develop Aβ...

Previous studies have demonstrated that macrophage-derived apolipoprotein E (apoE) reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation in lean apoE-deficient ((-/-)) mice. apoE has also been demonstrated to play a role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Because the prevalence of obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, we sought to determine whether macrophage-derived apoE could impact...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) in a human fetal brain cDNA library was identified, using the expression cloning method, as a gene product that formed a complex with latent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. Co-expression of membrane-type MMP-1 (MT1-MMP) with apoE in HEK293T cells reduced the amount of apoE secreted into the culture medium, whereas cell-associated apoE core protein was not affected. Inc...