BACKGROUND Untreated immunization pain causes undue distress and contributes to underimmunization through physician, and possibly parental, resistance to multiple simultaneous injections. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacies of two pain management methods in reducing immediate immunization injection pain and distress in school-aged children. DESIGN A randomized, controlled clinical trial of ...

Epicutaneous application of the anaesthetic cream Emla (lignocaine and prilocaine), to induce percutaneous anaesthesia in 38 patients scheduled for eyelid skin surgery is presented. The cream was applied 60 to 90 minutes before operation. In 36 out of the 38 patients (94.8%) no supplementary analgesia was required. The pain during the procedure was rated either as no pain in 29 patients (76.3%)...

A dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), ring block (RB), and eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) all control pain effectively during neonatal circumcision (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic review). An RB may provide superior pain relief to DPNB and EMLA (SOR: B, limited-quality evidence). Using a Mogen clamp reduces pain by shortening procedure time (SOR: A, randomized contr...

Previous work indicates that sympathetic nerves participate in the vascular responses to direct cooling of the skin in humans. We evaluated this hypothesis further in a four-part series by measuring changes in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) from forearm skin locally cooled from 34 to 29 degrees C for 30 min. In part 1, bretylium tosylate reversed the initial vasoconstriction (-14 +/- 6.6%...

BACKGROUND Local anaesthetics affect blood vessels in various ways, depending upon the site of action and the drug used. There is controversy over the vascular effects of two widely used topical local anaesthetic agents, EMLA and Ametop. We used the transient hyperaemic response (THR) to the brief compression of the brachial artery to assess vascular reactivity of forearm skin after application...

a number of studies has shown that orally administered sweet-tasting solutions reduce signs of pain during painful procedures. the local anesthetic cream emla has recently been shown to be safe for use in neonates. the present study aimed to compare the pain-reducing effect of emla cream with that of orally administered glucose during venipuncturing in newborns in yazd city. a randomized, contr...

BACKGROUND Needle-related procedures (venipuncture, intravenous cannulation) are the most common source of pain and distress for children. Reducing needle related pain and anxiety could be important in order to prevent further distress, especially for children needing multiple hospital admissions. The aim of the present open randomized controlled trial was to investigate the efficacy of adding ...

BACKGROUND Premature infants, who have to spend the first week of their lives in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), experience pain and stress in numerous cases, and they are exposed to many invasive interventions. The studies have shown that uncontrolled pain experienced during early life has negative and long-term side effects, such as distress, and such experiences negatively affect the ...

25 Temporary deafferentation of the upper limb, with ischemic or anesthetic nerve block, has 26 rapid effects on sensorimotor cortex. Cutaneous anesthesia of the forearm has recently been 27 found to improve sensory and motor function of the paretic hand in chronic stroke patients. 28 However, the neurophysiological mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to 29 investigate the behavio...