The aim of this study was to assess the relationships among the detection of p24 antigen, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA level, CD4 cell count, and disease progression in 111 males with hemophilia who were infected with HIV for < or =20 years. Sixty-four individuals (58%) developed p24 antigenemia a median of 11.6 years after seroconversion. The time to first detection of p24 antigen wa...

1. Collateral damage, in military jargon, refers to unintended carnage that is a consequence of waging war. At Vanderbilt biomedical engineers are attacking the problem of “collateral damage” that results from battling disease. Their goal is to make medical procedures free of side effects. New technology-guided therapy, the result of collaborations between biomedical engineers and surgeons, is ...

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can induce potent gene silencing by degradation of cognate mRNA. However, in dividing cells, the silencing lasts only 3 to 7 days, presumably because of siRNA dilution with cell division. Here, we investigated if sustained siRNA-mediated silencing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is possible in terminally differentiated macrophages, which constitute...

Yeast cells lacking a functional p24 complex accumulate a subset of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increase the extracellular secretion of HDEL-containing ER residents such as Kar2p/BiP. We report that a loss of p24 function causes activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and leads to increased KAR2 expression. The HDEL receptor (Erd2p) is functional and traff...

For earlier diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, the sensitivities of immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassays for HIV-1 p24 antigen and antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) to HIV-1 p17 antigen were improved approximately 25- and 90-fold, respectively, over those of the previous immunoassays by performing solid-phase immunoreactions with shaking and increasing the ...

The major internal structural protein of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), a virus etiologically implicated in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), was purified to homogeneity. This 24,000-molecular-weight protein (p24) was shown to lack immunologic cross-reacting antigenic determinants shared by other known retroviruses, including HTLV-I and HTLV-II, with the exception...

Trans-membrane proteins of the p24 family are abundant, oligomeric proteins predominantly found in cis-Golgi membranes. They are not easily studied in vivo and their functions are controversial. We found that p25 can be targeted to the plasma membrane after inactivation of its canonical KKXX motif (KK to SS, p25SS), and that p25SS causes the co-transport of other p24 proteins beyond the Golgi c...

A Multi-layered Mamdani Fuzzy Soft Expert System is planned to diagnose HIVAIDS.&#x0D; The Proposed DHA-MLMFES an Automatic of HIV-AIDS exploitationMulti-layer (DHA-ML-MFES) knowledgeable System, willclassify the various stages like No-HIV-AIDS, HIV Stage 1, 2, 3 and Aids. ExpertSystem has seven input variables at layer-I four layer-II. At input,variables are headache, fatigue, aching muscles, ...

Novel secreted and/or type I transmembrane proteins containing N-terminal signal sequences have been successfully cloned using the signal sequence trapping (SST) method. Often this involves random cloning of short 5' cDNA terminal ends into an epitope-tagged expression vector and the detection of expressed recombinant proteins on the cell surfaces of transfected cells with an antibody to the ta...

Neuro-p24 is a novel neuronal membrane protein that is specifically localized in neural processes, particularly in growing neurites. To explore the roles of Neuro-p24, we examined the immunocytochemical localization of this protein in cultured neurons during neural induction, and performed an antisense oligonucleotide transfection using two culture models, the mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) an...