The hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species, such as large pelagic fish, are potentially at risk due to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), is investigated. The potential estrogenic effects of PHAHs in three fish species of commercial interest, the top predators bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus), swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone), w...

In this paper, we introduce a novel routing protocol for a special class of ad-hoc networks, termed by us the Reconfigurable Wireless Networks (RWNs). The main features of RWNs are: increased mobility of the network nodes, larger number of nodes, and a large network span. We argue that the current routing protocols do not provide a satisfactory solution for routing in this type of an environmen...

Ad hoc networks are characterized by dynamic topology caused by node mobility, multihop wireless connectivity and channel non deterministic behaviour (Interference, multipath, hidden and exposed node problem makes the wireless channel very difficult to predict)This behaviour of Ad hoc networks must be analyzed in detail as a result of pairing of the selected MAC and Routing protocols. We focus ...

Mobility is one of the important issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). By definition, MANET nodes are free to move around and this may cause difficulty routing. routing protocols must consider factor when making decision. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) a hybrid protocol, which utilizes proactive reactive advantages. ZRP proactively maintains information within zone, while reactively discoverin...

Statistical mechanics is concerned with the study of systems with a large number of interacting constituents. Equilibrium statistical mechanics, originally introduced as a theoretical approach for thermodynamics, is well understood and a general theoretical framework exists. Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is less well understood and no general theoretical framework currently exists. The s...

Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that are arbitrarily located so that the interconnections between nodes are dynamically changing. In MANET mobile nodes forms a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. A routing protocol is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication within the n...

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes which moves frequently without the aid of any centralized network and they are self-organized and self-configurable network by a collection of mobile nodes. Due to mobility of nodes, there introduces frequent link failures which lead to increased routing overhead and introduce delay during data transmission. These problems put in f...