The breeding ecology of White and Japanese Wagtails, Motacilla alba and M . grandis, was studied along a river in central Japan. The home ranges of the two species greatly overlapped along the river, but no interbreeding occurred. M. grandis spent more time on the river than M . alba and defended territories there. M . alba used the river as part of the entire home range, and did not defend the...

Although rain forest is characterized as pyrophobic, pyrophilic giant eucalypts grow as rain forest emergents in both temperate and tropical Australia. In temperate Australia, such eucalypts depend on extensive, infrequent fires to produce conditions suitable for seedling growth. Little is known, however, about constraints on seedlings of tropical giant eucalypts. We tested whether seedlings of...

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been recognized as a promising way to fractionate lignocellulosic biomass. During recent years, a number of publications have introduced a variety of technical developments and solvent systems based on several types of ILs to fractionate lignocellulose into individual polymeric components, after full or partial dissolution. In this chapter we briefly review the latest d...

Deinococcus grandis is a radioresistant bacterium isolated from freshwater fish in Japan. Here we reported the draft genome sequence of D. grandis (4.1 Mb), which will be useful for elucidating the common principles of radioresistance in Deinococcus species through the comparative analysis of genomic sequences.

the aim of this study was to compare rainfall interception (i) in a natural forest of fagus orientalis l. with a neighboring picea abies plantation in kelardasht area, the caspian forests, north of iran. to measure gross rainfall (gr), four manual collectors were installed in an open area adjacent to the forest sites and throughfall (tf) was measured using 20 collectors randomly located underne...

The year-to-year variability of precipitation has significant consequences for water management and forest health. “Whiplash” describes an extreme mode this in which hydroclimate switches abruptly between wet dry conditions. In study, a pool total-ring-width indices from five conifer species (Abies magnifica, Juniperus grandis, Pinus ponderosa, jeffreyi, Tsuga mertensiana) the Sierra Nevada is ...