the hydraulic pressure is one of the most important factors in the design of pressure intake tunnels. since the surrounding media cannot usually resist the high internal pressure of these tunnels, they are usually finished with an adequate lining mostly of reinforced concrete, which is an interaction problem between water, soil or rock and concrete lining. although reinforcing the concrete lini...

The evaluation and control of the trains induced vibrations needs even more attention in the case of underground tracks which passes near to monuments and historical sites. The rail corrugations which occur due to the wheels’ impulse loads during the operation period of underground railway tracks, usually amplify the ground borne noise and vibration. In the current study, the mentioned phenomen...

Three case studies involving the use of numerical models are presented in this paper. First, a comparison of FE modelling of a deep excavation is made using 2-D finite element software, SAGE-CRISP and PLAXIS. In the second study, benchmarking is made between results obtained from 2-D FE modelling using PLAXIS and well-established 3-D centrifuge studies for the case of an existing single pile an...

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid cyclic loading. Liquefaction and related phenomena have been responsible for huge amounts of damage in historical earthquakes around the world. Modeling of soil behavior is the main step in soil liquefaction prediction process. Nowadays, several constitutive models for sand...

Railway tunnel 3D clearance inspection is critical to guaranteeing railway operation safety. However, it is a challenge to inspect railway tunnel 3D clearance using a vision system, because both the spatial range and field of view (FOV) of such measurements are quite large. This paper summarizes our work on dynamic railway tunnel 3D clearance inspection based on a multi-camera and structured-li...

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to identify the femoral tunnel orientation that consistently results in a tunnel length of more than 35 mm in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from 30 patients who did not have any pathology in the distal femur. Virtual tunnels were marked on 3D (3-dimensional) reconstructed CT im...

BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed computed tomography (CT) is crucial for the reliable and accurate evaluation of tunnel enlargement after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the tibial tunnel enlargement at the tunnel aperture and inside the tunnel and to clarify the morphological change at the tunnel footprint 1 year after...

The 3D documentation of the tunnel surface during construction requires fast and robust measurement systems. In the solution proposed in this paper, during tunnel advance a single camera is taking pictures of the tunnel surface from several positions. The recorded images are automatically processed to gain a 3D tunnel surface model. Image acquisition is realized by the tunneling/advance/driving...

Background Traditional ACL reconstruction with non-anatomic techniques can demonstrate unsatisfactory long-term outcomes with regards instability and the degenerative knee changes observed with these results. Anatomic ACL reconstruction attempts to closely reproduce the patient's individual anatomic characteristics with the aim of restoring knee kinematics, in order to improve patient short and...