This study examined differences between healthy children (n = 35) and those with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM; n = 42) on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), a measure of executive function behaviors. It also examined whether aspects of biological risk associated with SBM and reserve factors within the family could account for variability in BRIEF scores for child...

Spina bifida meningomyelocele with hydrocephalus (SBM) is commonly associated with anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC). We describe MRI patterns of regional CC agenesis and relate CC anomalies to functional laterality based on a dichotic listening test in 90 children with SBM and 27 typically developing controls. Many children with SBM (n = 40) showed regional CC anomalies in the form of agen...

Soybean meal (SBM) is an important protein source in animal feed. However, the levels of SBM inclusion are restricted in some animal species by the presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs), including non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and α-galactosides (GOSs). The aim of this study was to reduce the soybean meal NSPs and GOSs by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using a combination of cellulolyt...

To obtain information about the neural mechanism underlying sound production in teleost fish, we studied the electrical and mechanical properties and mode of innervation in the swimbladder muscle (SBM) fibres of scorpionfish Sebastiscus marmoratus. Action potentials of the SBM fibres in response to direct electrical stimulation neither exhibited overshoot nor propagated along the fibre. Stimula...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), tryptophan (Trp), and nonessential N (+N) supplementation of all sorghum grain (S) diets on growth and carcass characteristics of 50- to 100-kg pigs. In Exp. 1, four replicate pens of four pigs each were fed: 1) sorghum-soybean meal positive control (S-SBM); 2) S + Lys + Thr + Met + Trp to equal the am...

To quantify variation in U.S. soybean meals (SBM), samples were collected from 55 U.S. soybean (SB) processing plants located in seven of the geographic SB maturity zones at three time points. These samples were analyzed for crude and acid-hydrolyzed fat, oligosaccharide, and amino acid concentrations. Acid-hydrolyzed fat concentrations were poorly correlated (r = 0.28) to crude fat concentrati...

A 90 d study was designed to investigate the effects of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and a mixture of Cu, Zn and Mn proteinate (CZMP) on milk yield and composition and ovarian functions during rainy months. Twenty four Holstein× indigenous cows in their 2nd and 3rd lactation were randomly allocated to total mixed rations (TMR) containing soy bean meal (SBM) as a source of rumen degradable p...

Fourteen ileally cannulated pigs (BW = 35 +/- 2 kg) were randomly allotted to a replicated 7 x 7 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the influence of the soybean oligosaccharides (OS), raffinose and stachyose, on ileal nutrient digestibility and fecal consistency. Semipurified diets containing soy protein concentrate (SPC) or soybean meal (SBM) as the sole protein sources were fed. Soy s...

This paper develops slacks-based measure (SBM) and additive SBM (ASBM) to evaluate efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) in a two-stage structure with undesirable outputs and feedback variables from the internal perspective. The SBM model is linearized  for a specific weight and the ASBM model is reformulated as a second order cone program. The target values for all inputs, outputs (both d...