The Pleim-Xiu land-surface model, Pleim surface-layer and Asymmetric Convective Model (Version 2) are now options in version 3.0 of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. These physics options were developed for the MM5 mesoscale model and used extensively by the air quality modeling community, so there was a need to extend these physics to WRF. The new physics in WRF are compared to...

This paper addresses and documents a number of issues related to the implementation of an advanced land surface–hydrology model in the Penn State–NCAR fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). The concept adopted here is that the land surface model should be able to provide not only reasonable diurnal variations of surface heat fluxes as surface boundary conditions for coupled models, but also co...

With the March 1998 release of the Penn State University/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), the official version of the model (MM5v2 Release 8) now runs on distributed memory (DM) message-passing platforms. Under an IBM-funded effort, source translation and runtime library support minimize the impact of parallelization on the original model source code with the result that the majority of code is line...

During the last five years, we have been working intensively with the new generation of air quality modeling systems such as MM5-CMAQ (PSU/NCAR/EPA, US) and using our own emission model, EMIMO (UPM, 2006), the first version of which was developed several years ago and is in the process of continuous adaptation. Recently we have incorporated an adapted version of the CFD model MIMO (University o...

. .. ..... . . . ix Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Introduction . .. . . . . . ... A general description of adjoint techniques . * . . . 1

The Polar fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is employed to examine the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulation of Antarctic climate for July 1996–June 1999, which is shown to be stronger than for the mean modulation from 1979 to 1999 and appears to be largely due to an eastward shift and enhancement of convection in the tropical Pacific Ocean. This...