Our interaction with complex computing machines is mediated by programming languages (PLs), which constitute one of the major innovations in the evolution of technology. PLs allow flexible, scalable, and fast use of hardware and are largely responsible for shaping the history of information technology since the rise of computers in the 1950s. The rapid growth and impact of computers were follow...

Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a statistical technique that is widely used in the Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a popular technique for estimating structural equation models with latent variables. It is frequently perceived as an alternative to covariance analysis of such models. While its proponents recognize the shortcomings of PLS for testing explanatory models in comparison to covariance m...

−The accurate and reliable on-line estimation of product quality is an essential task for successful process operation and control. This paper proposes a new estimation method that extends the conventional linear PLS (Partial Least Squares) regression method to a nonlinear framework in a more robust manner. To handle the nonlinearities, nonlinear PLS based on linear PLS and neural network has b...

Partial least squares path modeling (PLS) has seen increased use in the information systems research community. One of the stated key advantages of PLS is that it weights the indicator variables based on the strength of the relationship between the indicators and the underlying constructs, which presumably decreases the effect of measurement error in the analysis results. In this paper we argue...

The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. The monosaccharide composition of the PLS showed galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose and 6-O-methylgalactose. The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedem...

Purpose – Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling is a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique that is widely applied in business and social sciences. Its ability to model composites and factors makes it a formidable statistical tool for new technology research. Recent reviews, discussions, and developments have led to substantial changes in the understanding and use of PL...

BACKGROUND Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and early development of aggressive periodontitis. Although cathepsin C (CTSC) gene mutations have been established in about 70-80% of PLS patients, it is assumed that the patients may have dysfunctioning of immune defense mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To assess the associati...

When entering foreign markets, software firms need to make a fundamental choice on the distribution arrangements for software and related services. This choice may involve contracting with local partners or entering foreign markets through company-owned channels. This study focuses on analyzing such boundary choices of software product firms in international markets. Taking a knowledge-based pe...

In recent years, many firms have adopted outsourcing as a means to govern their information technology (IT) operations. While outsourcing is associated with several important benefits, it also entails risk. The main purpose of this study was to validate measures of the risk factors associated with outsourcing IT operations. Insights from transaction costs theory suggest that risk factors are in...