BACKGROUND In patients with severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases, life-threatening hyponatremia results from two main causes: the syndromes of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and cerebral salt wasting (CSW). Clinical manifestations of the two conditions may be similar but their pathogeneses are fundamentally diverse. Distinguishing SIADH from CSW is based on the ...

A separation method to be used for locating a set of weights, also known as a common set of weights (CSW), in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is proposed in this work. To analyze the methods of finding the CSW, it is necessary to solve a particular form of a multiple objectives fractional linear programming problem (MOFP). One of the characteristics of this particular MOFP is that the decis...

چکیده:بازی تاج و تخت نخستین کتاب از مجموعه نغمه‌ی یخ آتش، اثر نویسنده آمریکایی جورج ریموند ریچارد مارتین، داستانی خیالی-حماسی است که در قلمرو "وسترس" رخ می دهد. جریان اصلی داستان، حول محور کشمکش جنگ برای تسلط به سلطنت این راستا داستان‌های دیگری درون آن متولد شوند. آنچه پیرنگ داستان را متمایز می‌کند، وجود آشوب هرج مرج درنظام حکمرانی دنبال رهبری یکپارچه بر جهان بی‌نظم می‌باشد. تحقیق با تمرکز اصول...

Executive Summary This paper uses hourly data from industrial and commercial customers that volunteered to participate in Central and Southwest Service's (CSW) real-time pricing (RTP) programs to characterize the induced price response. The CSW RTP program, which adopted the two-part, revenue neutral design first introduced by Niagara Mohawk, was introduced to large commercial and industrial cu...

BACKGROUND Studies conducted mainly in industrialized countries have shown that the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly parenteral, and have emphasized the role of nosocomial transmission. In Equatorial Africa, the respective contributions of parenteral and non-parenteral routes of transmission are unknown. The potential role of sexual transmission in this area of high HCV endemic...

Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte disorder in critically neurological patients. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSW) is defined as a renal loss of sodium during intracranial disease leading to hyponatremia and a decrease in extracellular fluid volume. The pathogenesis of this disorder is still not completely understood. Sympathetic responses as well as some natriuretic factors play ...

The kidney and the brain play a major role in maintaining normal homeostasis of the extracellular fluid by neuroendocrine regulation of sodium and water balance. Therefore, disturbances of sodium balance are common in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders and clinicians should focus not only on the CNS lesion, but also on the potentially deleterious complications. Hyponatremia is...

OBJECTIVES To investigate HLA class I allele frequencies in a Kenyan commercial sex worker (CSW) cohort, and to examine HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses directed against epitopes derived from locally prevalent clade A virus. METHODS PCR-single strand polymorphism HLA class I typing. Sequencing of novel alleles and examination of their distribution in the CSW cohort, and a...

The Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) architecture of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has reached a broad acceptance. However, although the core specifications reached a mature state, the integration of a cataloguing service for sensors has not yet been achieved. Previous work focused on registries that address the specifics of dynamic sensor networks, on mechanisms for handling the semantics of...