In this paper optimal FIR filter techniques are used to design any type of FIR filter. This techniques design the smallest-order FIR filter for a given set of specification. It is based on the concept that the filter exhibits ripples of equal length in the band-pass and band-stop. The design algorithm of these Equiripple FIR filter uses iterative polynomial interpolation. Input signal has a gre...

Low Multipliers and Adders are used to reduce dynamic power consumption of a Digital Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. These methods include low power serial multiplier and serial adder, combinational booth multiplier, shift/add multipliers, folding transformation in linear phase architecture and applied to FIR filters to reduce power consumption and Distortion is also reduced. The proposed...

The common conviction about FIR (finite impulse response) digital filters is that the number of necessary taps, to reach the same performance as provided by IIR (infinite impulse response) digital filters, is usually too large. Moreover, the standard FIR filter design algorithm (Remez exchange) allows the design of linear-phase filters only. Therefore, IIR filters are often preferred over FIR o...

Based on GALEX and IRAS/Spitzer datasets, we have found that both FUV and FIR luminosity functions (LFs) show a strong evolution from z = 0 to z = 1, but the FIR LF evolves much stronger than the FUV one. Consequently, the FIR/FUV luminosity density ratio increases from 4 (z = 0) to 15 (z = 1). It means that more than 80 % of the star-forming activity in the Universe is hidden by dust at z = 1....

The Douglas fir terpene alpha-pinene was shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and a yeast. Other terpenes of the Douglas fir, including limonene, camphene, and isobornyl acetate, were also inhibitory to Bacillus thuringiensis. All terpenes were inhibitory at concentrations normally present in the fir needle diet of Douglas fir tussock moth larvae. The presence of such terpenes i...

A phenomenological method for description of temporal evolution of neoclassical tearing modes in the frequently interrupted regime (FIR) is proposed. The method makes it possible to predict the beginning and the end of the FIR regime as well as the frequency of the FIR drops. A few experimental parameters which are used in the model are commonly measured quantities. Several specific ASDEX Upgra...

Question: How does competition between quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white fir (Abies concolor) affect growth and spatial pattern of each species? Location: The northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Methods: In paired plots in mixed aspen(n5 3) or white fir-dominated (n5 2) stands, we mapped trees and saplings and recorded DBH, height, species, and condition and took increment core...

We have cross-correlated Far Infrared (IRAS) and UV (FOCA) observations of galaxies to construct a sample of FIR selected galaxies with a UV observation at 0.2 μm. The FIR and UV properties of this sample are compared to the mean properties of the local Universe deduced from the luminosity distributions at both wavelengths. Almost all the galaxies of our sample have a FIR to UV flux ratio large...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Insufficient microcirculation of skin leads to acute and chronic tissue ischemia in cases of trauma, reconstructive surgery, diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The autonomic nervous system and nitric oxide (NO) play important roles in maintaining blood perfusion of the skin. Far-infrared (FIR) therapy provides low energy of light emitted from an arti...

We have cross-correlated Far Infrared (IRAS) and UV (FOCA) observations of galaxies to construct a sample of FIR selected galaxies with a UV observation at 0.2 μm. The FIR and UV properties of this sample are compared to the mean properties of the local Universe deduced from the luminosity distributions at both wavelengths. Almost all the galaxies of our sample have a FIR to UV flux ratio large...