OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of transmitted drug-resistant HIV among adults in Panama by using a modified World Health Organization Threshold Survey (WHO-TS) and to investigate rates of initial resistance among HIV-positive infants in Panama. METHODS At the Gorgas Memorial Institute, 47 HIV-positive adults were genotyped for mutations associated with transmitted drug resistance (TD...

Emergence of HIV resistance is a concerning consequence of global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). To date, there is no published information about HIV resistance from the Dominican Republic. The study's aim was to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors in a sample of chronically HIV-1-infected patients in one clin...

This paper presents a mechanism called timedeterministic replay (TDR) that can reproduce the execution of a program, including its precise timing. Without TDR, reproducing the timing of an execution is difficult because there are many sources of timing variability – such as preemptions, hardware interrupts, cache effects, scheduling decisions, etc. TDR uses a combination of techniques to either...

OBJECTIVES To determine the contribution of transmission clusters to transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in newly diagnosed antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients in Northern Greece during 2000-07. METHODS The prevalence of TDR was estimated in 369 individuals who were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in the period 2000-07 at the National AIDS Reference Laboratory of Northern Greece. Phylog...

In goats, bilateral thoracic dorsal rhizotomy (TDR) causes severe ventilatory failure during exercise, followed by progressive functional recovery. We investigated spinal neurochemical changes associated with TDR and/or functional recovery by measuring spinal concentrations of the monoamines serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine, and dopamine via HPLC. Changes in 5-HT and calcitonin gene-related pep...

BACKGROUND Transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) may be related to the genesis of torsade de pointes (TdP) in patients with the long-QT (LQT) syndrome. Experimentally, LQT2 models show increased TDR compared with LQT1, and beta-adrenergic stimulation increases TDR in both models. Clinically, LQT1 patients experience symptoms at elevated heart rates, but LQT2 patients do so at lower rate...

En este trabajo se explora el intuicionismo social defendido por Jonathan Haidt y compara con la teoría dual de razonamiento (TDR), dicha pertenece a una familia propuestas que sostienen existe dualidad en ámbito lo mental. Por un lado, ha sostenido recibe apoyo TDR, otro TDR apuntado semejanzas social; no obstante las referencias mutuas mencionadas, realizado análisis cuál podría ser relación ...

Dry density and water content are two important factors affecting the degree of soil compaction. Conventional methods such as the sand cone test and the plate load test are used to measure such properties for evaluating the degree of compaction and the stiffness of soil in the field. However, these tests are generally very time-consuming and are inherent with some errors depending on the operat...

This work had as its objective the production of polyoma virus (PV) DNA of high specific radioactivity. Such a highly labeled tumorogenic virus DNA would have many applications in physical, chemical, and biological studies where high sensitivity of detection is essential-for example, for studies on the properties and fate of the viral gene after infection of a cell. This material has been produ...

BACKGROUND Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) drug resistance (TDR) mutations are transmitted from nonresponding patients (defined as patients with no initial response to treatment and those with an initial response for whom treatment later failed) or from patients who are naive to treatment. Although the prevalence of drug resistance in patients who are not responding to tre...