The lifetime fitnesses of individuals comprising a population determine its numerical dynamics, and genetic variation in fitness results in evolutionary change. This dual importance of individual fitness is well understood, but empirical fitness records generally violate the assumptions of standard statistical approaches. This problem has undermined comprehensive study of fitness and impeded em...

The Global Digital Elevation Model produced from stereo images of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data (ASTER GDEM) covers land surfaces between latitudes of 83°N and 83°S. The Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) onboard Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) collected many SAR images since it was launched on 24 January 2006. The combinati...

ABSTRACT Epidemics of aster yellows in lettuce in Ohio are caused by at least seven distinct phytoplasma strains in the aster yellows (AY) group. Five of the strains are newly reported: AY-BW, AY-WB, AY-BD3, AY-SS, and AY-SG. All seven strains were characterized based on symptoms in aster and lettuce, and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Strain AY-BD2 (formerly 'Bolt') causes yellowing and l...

Digital elevation models (DEM) are of fundamental importance for remote sensing. With a DEM the three-dimensional positioning, requiring a stereo model can be reduced to a two-dimensional solution just based on a single image. With the free of charge availability of the SRTM-height models, covering the land area from 56° southern up to 60.25° northern latitude a nearly world wide coverage is gi...

The cytoskeleton is an active network of polar filaments. The activity can lead to the polymerization of filaments at one end and depolymerization at the other. This phenomenon is called treadmilling and is essential for many cellular processes, in particular, the crawling of cells on a substrate. We develop a microscopic theoretical framework for describing systems of treadmilling filaments. W...

During the next two weeks, floral-color change could be investigated in Aster divaricatus or A. prenanthoides, both of which grow on my property. You could investigate one or more of the above hypotheses relative to the situation in Aster. For example, you could investigate whether the presence of color-changed flowers enhances the plant as a visual target for pollinators as well as determine w...

Citation: Berthier E, Cabot V, Vincent C and Six D (2016) Decadal Region-Wide and Glacier-Wide Mass Balances Derived from Multi-Temporal ASTER Satellite Digital Elevation Models. Validation over the Mont-Blanc Area. Front. Earth Sci. 4:63. doi: 10.3389/feart.2016.00063 Decadal Region-Wide and Glacier-Wide Mass Balances Derived from Multi-Temporal ASTER Satellite Digital Elevation Models. Valida...

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter that is highly responsive to surface energy fluxes and has become valuable to many disciplines. However, it is difficult to acquire satellite LSTs with both high spatial and temporal resolutions due to tradeoffs between them. Thus, various algorithms/models have been developed to enhance the spatial or the temporal resolution of thermal i...