Mismatch negativity (MMN) is measured by subtracting the averaged response to a set of standard stimuli from the averaged response to rarer deviant stimuli, and taking the amplitude of this difference wave in a given time window. This method is problematic when used to evaluate individuals, because there is no estimate of variance. We describe a new approach, in which independent components wit...

Two R packages for sensitivity analysis in observational studies are described. Package sensitivitymw is for matched pairs with one treated subject and one control, or matched sets with one treated subject and a fixed number, K ≥ 2, of controls. Package sensitivitymv is for matched sets with variable numbers of controls. The packages offer conventional statistics, such as the permutational t-te...

We conducted an exploratory study of the detection of a sudden change of the field time series based on the numerical solution of the Lorenz system. First, the time when the Lorenz path jumped between the regions on the left and right of the equilibrium point of the Lorenz system was quantitatively marked and the sudden change time of the Lorenz system was obtained. Second, the numerical soluti...

The purposes of this study were 1) to establish the concurrent validity of the universal goniometer and the fluid-based goniometer and 2) to determine the intertester reliability of these two instruments. A correlational study was performed in which two testers used the universal goniometer and the fluid-based goniometer in measuring elbow range of motion in 30 healthy subjects. The fluid-based...

We analyzed the differences, by Student's t-test and ANOVA, between nurses and physicians from Portugal, Poland, Spain, and United Kingdom regarding their relationship with their work and organization. In total, 1,401 professionals answered the HSA-QHPR questionnaire. There are different levels of connection between physicians and nurses. The United Kingdom has the lowest levels of connection w...

METHOD: In the present study 18 Indian district level soccer players age between 18-25 years were conveniently selected from Birbhum district of West Bengal as subjects. To measure aerobic fitness, two different indirect methods of measuring VO2max were employed; these were Queens College test and 12 minutes Run-Walk test (Cooper Test). The data were analyzed by applying independent t-test to d...