Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is a key enzyme in the ANR biosynthetic pathway of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins (PAs) in plants. Herein, we report characterization of the ANR pathway of flavan-3-ols in Shuchazao tea (Camellia sinesis), which is an elite and widely grown cultivar in China and is rich in flavan-3-ols providing with high nutritional value to human health. In our study, metabol...

Flavan-3-ols consist of flavan-3-ol monomers and polymers with different degrees of polymerization (DP). In this study, flavan-3-ol extracts from grape seeds were well separated into three fractions including monomers, oligomers (2 < DP < 10) and polymers (DP > 10), by means of normal-phase HPLC-MS. The different patterns of these three fractions were analyzed in three Vitis vinifera cultivars ...

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Whereas FGF-2, the prototypic ligand in a family of 22 members, activates all four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFR1-FGFR4), other members demonstrate a higher degree of selectivity. Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-producing cells of the ...

BACKGROUND Exposure of the fetal or neonatal non-human primate (NHP) brain to isoflurane or ketamine for 5 h causes widespread apoptotic degeneration of neurones, and exposure to isoflurane also causes apoptotic degeneration of oligodendrocytes (OLs). The present study explored the apoptogenic potential of propofol in the fetal and neonatal NHP brain. METHOD Fetal rhesus macaques at gestation...

Ornithine lipids (OLs) are widespread among Gram-negative bacteria. Their basic structure consists of a 3-hydroxy fatty acyl group attached in amide linkage to the α-amino group of ornithine and a second fatty acyl group ester-linked to the 3-hydroxy position of the first fatty acid. OLs can be hydroxylated within the secondary fatty acyl moiety and this modification has been related to increas...

We consider linear regression models where both input data (the values of independent variables) and output data (the observations of the dependent variable) are affected by loss of information caused by uncertainty, indeterminacy, rounding or censoring. Some or all of the crisp data, which are unavailable, are replaced by known intervals. We introduce a possibilistic generalization of the leas...

ABSTRACT Proto ols or part of proto ols are frequently reused through proje ts if they are suÆ iently generi . For instan e, the Contra t Net proto ol an be used verbatim or in other proto ols su h as the supply hain management. This reusability might be diÆ ult to do due to the la k of reusability in urrent intera tion proto ol formalisms. In this paper, we present a new approa h based on a mo...

Linear models are often built to understand how a set of input data affects output data and predict its value. A linear regression model assumes that that regression function E(Y |X) is linear in the inputsX1, . . . ,Xp. The output is represented as a weighted sum of the input variables (or features), where the weights are called the regression coefficients. The regressions coefficients are asc...

We address the exact recovery of the support of a k-sparse vector with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and Orthogonal Least Squares (OLS) in a noiseless setting. We consider the scenario where OMP/OLS have selected good atoms during the first l iterations (l < k) and derive a new sufficient and worst-case necessary condition for their success in k steps. Our result is based on the coherence μ...

Nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. However, it is still unclear whether nitric oxide plays a protective role or is deleterious. We have previously shown that peroxynitrite, a reaction product of nitric oxide and superoxide, is toxic to mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). The toxicity is mediated by intracellular zinc release, phosphorylation of extracellular ...