Within-city variation in air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma development, but findings have been inconsistent. We examined whether perinatal air pollution exposure affected asthma onset during "pre-school and "school age" periods in a population-based birth cohort.65,254 children born between 1999 and 2002 in the greater Vancouver metropolitan region were followed until age ...

A total of 21 gauges across the mountainous leeward portion of the island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, were used to compare rainfall interpolation methods and assess rainfall spatial variability over a 34-month monitoring period from 2005 to 2008. Traditional and geostatistical interpolation methods, including Thiessen polygon, inverse distance weighting (IDW), linear regression, ordinary kriging (OK), a...

This paper presents a method of estimating regional distributions of surface air temperature (Ta) and surface vapor pressure (ea), which uses remotely-sensed data and meteorological data as its inputs. The method takes into account the effects of both local driving force and horizontal advection on Ta and ea. Good correlation coefficients (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the measu...

The present paper suggests fuel consumption modeling for HDVs based on the code from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. Two interpolation models (inversed distance weighted (IDW) and Hermite) and three types of fuel efficiency maps (coarse, medium, and dense) were adopted to determine the most appropriate combination for further studies. Finally, sensitivity analysis studies were conduct...

The concept of spatial interpolation is important in the soil sciences. However, the use of a single global interpolation model is often limited by certain conditions (e.g., terrain complexity), which leads to distorted interpolation results. Here we present a method of adaptive weighting combined environmental variables for soil properties interpolation (AW-SP) to improve accuracy. Using vario...

abstract understanding distribution of physical and chemical soil parameters is very important in recognizing, planning, and soil and water resources management in precision agriculture. regard to the problems related to direct measurement, finding solution to estimate these parameters are very essential. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial variation of some soil parameters su...

High-elevation regions in the United States lack detailed atmospheric wet-deposition data. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) measures and reports precipitation amounts and chemical constituent concentration and deposition data for the United States on annual isopleth maps using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation methods. This interpolation...

Background. Although heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio in a planner image has been used for practical quantification for I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging, standardization of the parameter is not yet established. We hypothesized that the value of H/M can be standardized to the various types of camera-collimator combinations. Methods and Results. Standard phantoms consisting of the heart, ...