Histamine is a potent biogenic amine that mediates numerous physiological processes throughout the body, including digestion, sleep, and immunity. It is synthesized by gastric enterochromaffin-like cells, a specific set of hypothalamic neurons, as well as a subset of white blood cells, including mast cells. Much remains to be learned about these varied histamine-producing cell populations. Here...

This is Part II of the two-part comprehensive survey devoted to a computing framework most commonly known under names Hyperdimensional Computing and Vector Symbolic Architectures (HDC/VSA). Both refer family computational models that use high-dimensional distributed representations rely on algebraic properties their key operations incorporate advantages structured symbolic vector representation...

Synaptic feedback from interneurons to photoreceptors can help to optimize visual information flow by balancing its allocation on retinal pathways under changing light conditions. But little is known about how this critical network operation is regulated dynamically. Here, we investigate this question by comparing signaling properties and performance of wild-type Drosophila R1-R6 photoreceptors...

Histamine is involved in a variety of physiologic responses, such as inflammation, type I allergy, gastric acid secretion, and neurotransmission. Previous studies have focused on specific receptors for histamine and histamine release through degranulation, and the regulation of histamine synthesis and its physiologic roles remain to be clarified. We have studied histidine decarboxylase (HDC), t...

Military sonars must detect, localize, classify, and track submarine threats from distances safely outside their circle of attack. However, conventional pulsed active sonars (PAS) have duty cycles on the order of one percent which means that 99% of the time, the track is out of date. In contrast, high duty cycle sonars (HDC) have duty cycles approaching 100% which enable near-continuous updates...

Military sonars must detect, localize, classify, and track submarine threats from distances safely outside their circle of attack. However, conventional pulsed active sonars (PAS) have duty cycles on the order of one percent which means that 99% of the time, the track is out of date. In contrast, high duty cycle sonars (HDC) have duty cycles approaching 100% which enable near-continuous updates...

BACKGROUND Early studies of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) for breast cancer were limited by small numbers and the lack of adequate control groups. The French PEGASE Group was founded to perform larger and properly randomized comparative studies of this approach. METHODS The program was created to determine the effects of intensive chemotherapy for breast cancer. The seven PEGASE protocols addr...

Particles ranging in size from a few nanometers (exosomes or viruses) to micrometers (bacteria red blood cells) can be sorted using size-based separation process. One of the simplest techniques is provided by hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) which typically requires long channels achieve adequate resolution. A new mechanism based on Brownian sieving effect coupled with HDC has recently been pr...

Organotypic cultures of histaminergic tuberomammillary (TM) neurons were grown using explants obtained from newborn rats. The cultures were examined after immunohistochemical localization of the histamine synthetic enzyme, L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC). The morphological properties of the somata, dendrites and axons of HDC-immunoreactive TM neurons in organotypic culture were virtually indist...

Direct imaging of exoplanets presents a formidable technical challenge owing to the small angular separation and high contrast between exoplanets and their host stars. High Dispersion Coronagraphy (HDC) is a pathway to achieve unprecedented sensitivity to Earth-like planets in the habitable zone. Here, we present a framework to simulate HDC observations and data analyses. The goal of these simu...