A gene family of surface antigens is expressed by merozoites of Sarcocystis neurona, the primary cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). These surface proteins, designated SnSAGs, are immunodominant and therefore excellent candidates for development of EPM diagnostics or vaccines. Prior work had identified an EPM isolate lacking the major surface antigen SnSAG1, thus suggesting there...

The elevated plus maze (EPM) and elevated zero maze (EZM) are behavioral tests that are widely employed to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rats and mice following experimental manipulations, or to test the effects of pharmacological agents. Both tests are based on approach/avoidance conflict, with rodents perceived as "less anxious" being more willing to explore the brighter, open and elevated...

Purpose: Enalapril maleate (EPM), was used for hypertension and congestive heart failure. In this way, an innovative delivery system with mPEG–PCL was synthesized and the release profile of the EPM from the drug-loaded polymersomes was evaluated. Methods: Di-block methoxy)-poly (ethylene glycol) - Poly (caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) copolymers were synthesized and used to prepare of polymersom...

Unverricht-Lundborg disease (EPM1), caused by mutations in the cystatin B gene (CSTB), is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder. It is the most common form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The prevalence of EPM1 is increased particularly in Finland where it is 4:100 000, offering a unique opportunity to study a large patient population. EPM1 is characterized by stimulus-sensitive and ac...

Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) has been show capable of directly and entirely non-invasively mapping the trans mural electromechanical activation in all four cardiac chambers in vivo. In this study, we assessed EWI repeatability and reproducibility, as well as its capability of localizing electronic and, for the first time, biological pacing locations in closed-chest, conscious canines. E...

Background: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is an established strategy for treating spastic cerebral palsy. The applied techniques and criteria of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring (EPM) for selected transected rootlets vary between different centers; therefore its validity has been questioned. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the applied techniques of EPM used duri...

Models of anxiety and fear of novelty were evaluated using correlations and principal component analysis. A total of 84 pigs (LandracexYorkshire) from nine different litters were subjected to a tonic immobility (TI) test at the age of 2.5 weeks, an elevated plus-maze (EPM) at the age of 6 weeks, a light/dark (L/D) exploration test at the age of 7 weeks and an open-field (OF) test at the age of ...

We introduce and analyze an exterior-pointmethod (EPM) for constrained optimization problems with both inequality constraints and equations. We show that under the standard second-order optimality conditions the EPM converges to the primal–dual solution with 1.5-Q-superlinear rate.