In quadruped robot locomotion using parallel mechanisms, researchers have used equal link lengths as legs for walking. However, force requirements are not the same in forward and return strokes. An unsymmetrical mechanism can be considered to accommodate such requirements. This work presents optimized dimensions of a 5R planar (5R-PPM) with two degrees freedom (DoF). Optimized determined by for...

The receptor for interleukin-5 (IL-5R) is composed of a unique alpha chain (IL-5R alpha) expressed on eosinophils and basophils, associated with a beta c subunit, which is shared by the receptors for IL-3 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. One of the molecular events activated via the IL-5R is the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Recent reports have shown that IL-5 induces tyrosin...

The formal synthesis of (+)-3-epi-eupomatilone-6 () and the 3,5-bis-epimer () has been accomplished. The key synthetic strategy involved the stereoselective construction of (3R,4S,5R)- and (3R,4S,5S)-trisubstituted γ-butyrolactones and from (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-4-pentenoic acid derivative , which was readily obtained via stereoselective conjugate addition of vinylmagnesium chloride to a chiral ...

Radiotherapy (RT) is a major modality of hepatoma treatment. However, liver tumors often acquire radioresistance, which contributes to RT failure. The exact mechanisms of the radioresistance in hepatoma cells are largely unknown. Glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3) is a phase II transferase, however, recent studies have suggested that GSTM3 is a potential tumor suppressor. The purpose of the p...

4-Methylaminorex is a stimulant drug of abuse that exists as four stereoisomers: cis-4R,5S, cis-4S,5R, trans-4S,5S, and trans-4R,5R. These isomers have previously been shown to differ markedly in various respects. In the present study we assessed the effects of the isomers of 4-methylaminorex (2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg i.p.) on extracellular dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the nu...

The stereoselective synthesis of (1S,2S,5R)-5-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-2-methyl-8-methylene-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahy-dronaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (2) is described, which comprises the bicyclic core structure natural product amycolamicin (1). ring-system was established via an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction a triene carrying SuperQuat chiral auxiliary. latter could be readily removed by m...

The spectroscopic properties of a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix doped with a coumarin dye, a cyanine dye, and a photochromic spiropyran dye have been investigated. Before UV irradiation of the matrix, excitation of the coumarin dye results in minimal energy transfer to the cyanine dye. The energy transfer is substantially enhanced following UV irradiation of the matrix, which converts the co...

An enantioselective total synthesis of the natural amino acid (2S,4R,5R)-4,5-di-hydroxy-pipecolic acid starting from D-glucoheptono-1, 4-lactone is presented. The best sequence employed as a key step the intramolecular nucleophilic displacement by an amino function of a 6-O-p-toluene-sulphonyl derivative of a methyl D-arabino-hexonate and involved only 12 steps with an overall yield of 19%. The...