CMP is a planarization technique for multilevel VLSI metallization processes. CMP fills are inserted as a design for manufacturability (DFM) methodology to improve pattern-dependent post-CMP topography, i.e., to improve interconnect planarity. Design-driven fill synthesis seeks to optimize CMP fill with respect to objectives beyond mere density uniformity. Design-driven fill synthesis minimizes...

OBJECTIVE To assess current studies on the relationship between cell-derived microparticles (cMP) and recurrent miscarriages (RM) and pre-eclampsia (PE), and review the relationships between cMP and inflammatory and clot pathways, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), cytokines, and pregnancy complications. DESIGN Systematic and comprehensive review of the literature from January 2000 to January...

In this study, a self-designed simultaneous crossflow electrocoagulation/electrofiltration (EC/EF) treatment module was evaluated for its overall reatment performance by treating chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewaters including Cu-CMP wastewater and oxide-CMP wastewater. he critical electric field strengths for Cu-CMP and oxide-CMP wastewaters were determined to be 35 and 30 V/cm, resp...

This work studies the effect of 3-D Chip Multiprocessor (CMP) integration on Amdahl’s law. The influence of vertical communication and thermal gradients on CMP performance and scalability is studied from Amdahl’s law perspective. We find that a fast vertical connectivity enabled by 3-D implementation shifts the optimum CMP configuration towards the larger number of lighter cores, thus improving...

Chip-level CMP modeling is investigated to obtain the post-CMP film profile thickness across a die from its design layout file and a few film deposition and CMP parameters. The work covers both HDP and conformal CVD film. The experimental CMP results agree well with the modeled results. Different algorithms for filling of dummy structure are compared. A “smart” algorithm for dummy filling is pr...

BACKGROUND Masked allergens in processed food products can lead to severe allergic reactions following unintentional ingestion. We sought to develop a murine model for the detection of hidden cow's milk proteins (CMP). This study aimed to induce cow's milk allergy in mice, to characterize the anaphylaxis induced by CMP in this model, and to validate its reliability using three margarines manufa...

BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most prevalent human food-borne allergies, particularly in infants and young children from developed countries. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) administration on CMA development using whole cow's milk proteins (CMP) sensitized Balb/C mice by two different sensitization methods. METHODS LGG supplemente...