The role of interaural time difference (ITD) in perceptual grouping and selective attention was explored in 3 experiments. Experiment 1 showed that listeners can use small differences in ITD between 2 sentences to say which of 2 short, constant target words was part of the attended sentence, in the absence of talker or fundamental frequency differences. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that listeners...

Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 represent a very common genetic lesion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations clustered in the juxtamembrane domain are the most frequent and best characterized mutations found in Flt3. Oncogenic activation of Flt3 by ITD mutations is known to activate aberrant signaling including activation of STAT5 and repres...

INTRODUCTION Use of an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) significantly increases coronary perfusion pressures and survival in patients ventilated with an endotracheal tube (ETT) during active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We tested the hypothesis that the ITD could lower intratracheal pressures when attached to either a facemask or ETT. METHODS An active ...

Internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD) has been linked to poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the prognostic value of FLT3/ITD in various cytogenetic risk groups is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of FLT3/ITD in patients with de novo AML and normal or favorable risk cytogenetics (NFC-AML). Bloo...

Inspiratory resistance induced by breathing through an impedance threshold device (ITD) reduces intrathoracic pressure and increases stroke volume (SV) in supine normovolemic humans. We hypothesized that breathing through an ITD would also be associated with a protection of SV and a subsequent increase in the tolerance to progressive central hypovolemia. Eight volunteers (5 men, 3 women) were i...

Interaural time and intensity differences (ITD and IID) are processed independently in the owl's auditory system. This paper examines whether this independence is established in nucleus laminaris (NL), the first site of ITD processing. A plot of discharge rate against time difference (ITD curve) is sinusoidal in NL. The ITDs that produce the peaks are called the most favorable ITDs, and those t...

AIM To examine whether a hospitalist-directed interdisciplinary (ITD) team in an internal medicine residency program enhances the hospital and clinical outcomes for seniors with acute medical illness. METHODS Seniors admitted to a USA teaching hospital medical floor-teaching services were allocated to the ITD (n = 379) and usual care teams (n = 383). Compared with the usual care team, the ITD...

Human bilateral cochlear implant users do poorly on tasks involving interaural time differences (ITD), a cue which provides important benefits to the normal hearing, especially in challenging acoustic environments. Yet the precision of neural ITD coding in acutely-deafened, bilaterallyimplanted cats is essentially normal (Smith and Delgutte, 2007). One explanation for this discrepancy is that n...

The interaural time difference (ITD) is the primary auditory cue used by the barn owl for localization in the horizontal direction. ITD is initially computed by circuits consisting of axonal delay lines from one of the cochlear nuclei and coincidence detector neurons in the nucleus laminaris (NL). NL projects directly to the anterior part of the dorsal lateral lemniscal nucleus (LLDa) and this ...

Acquired mutations in the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase are common in acute myeloid leukemia and result in constitutive activation. The most frequent mechanism of activation is disruption of the juxtamembrane autoregulatory domain by internal tandem duplications (ITDs). FLT3-ITDs confer factor-independent growth to hematopoietic cells and induce a myeloproliferative syndrome in murine bone marr...