BACKGROUND Polymalic acid (PMA) has many applications in food and medical industries. However, so far it has not been commercially produced by fermentation. Therefore, it is very important how to develop an economical process for a large scale production of PMA by one step fermentation. RESULTS After over 200 strains of Aureobasidium spp. isolated from the mangrove systems in the South of Chi...

The murine EL4 lymphoma cell line exists in variants that are either sensitive or resistant to the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In sensitive EL4 cells, PMA causes robust Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase activation that results in growth arrest. In resistant cells, PMA induces minimal Erk activation, without growth arrest. PMA stimulates IL-2 production in sensitive,...

Permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMA-SynRM) is a kind of high torque density energy conversion device widely used in modern industry. In this paper, based on the basic topology PMA-SynRM, novel PMA-SynRM asymmetric rotor with position-biased proposed. The design realizes concentration magnetic field lines air gap to obtain higher electromagnetic torque, and makes both pea...

FD/PMA is a subclone of the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent, FDC-P1 cell line, which proliferates in response to either 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (PMA) or IL-3. While several endogenous substrates were phosphorylated in response t o protein kinase C (PKC) activation in FDC-P1, phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation in the FD/ PMA grown in PMA was not observed. Basal, phosphatidylserin...

the clar of streptomyces clavuligerus in the clavulanic acid gene cluster encodes a transcriptional regulator that controls clavulanic acid biosynthesis. the main goal of this study was isolation and molecular detection of the clar gene and its cloning in the streptomyces specific vector (pma:: hyg). by cinsideration of the clar gene’s start codon, the specific primers were designed. after geno...

The actions of the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on glucose metabolism, amino acid transport and enzyme inductions were studied in primary cultures of adult-rat hepatocytes and compared with the effects of insulin. PMA and insulin stimulated glycolysis 5- and 7-fold respectively. The half-maximal effective dose of PMA was 60 nM. Stimulation of glycolysis was accompanied by...

The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated nutrophil respiratory burst has been considered to simply involve the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, the PLD activity was also increased by 10-fold in human neutrophils stimulated with 100 nM PMA. Unexpectedly, U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, was found to significantly inhibit PMA-stimulated respiratory burst in human neutr...