I introduce an account of when a rule normatively sus tains a practice. My basic proposal is that a rule normatively sustains a practice when the value achieved by following the rule ex plains why agents continue following that rule, thus establishing and sustaining a pattern of activity. I apply this model to practices of belief management and identify a substantive normative connection betwee...

هدف: بر اساس مطالعه، بسیاری از دانشجویان، سال اول دانشگاه را یکی دوره‌های زمانی پراسترس و چالش‌زای زندگی می‌دانند قادر به سازگاری مناسب با آن نیستند. مطالعه حاضر هدف شناسایی تجارب زیسته دانشجویان پایین در خصوص مشکلات چالش‌های انجام شد. روش: روش پژوهش کیفی نوع پدیدارشناسی بود. داده‌ها استفاده مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته جمع‌آوری شد رویکرد 7 مرحله‌ای کلایزی مورد تجزیه تحلیل قرار گرفت. جامعه کلیه آزاد...

IVOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work Project Director: spon:ored by the United States Government. Neither , the United States nor the United States Energy i Dr. Herta Spencer, Chief Research and Development Administfation, nor any of I , their employees, nor any of their contractors, Metabolic Research Unit warranty. express or implied, or mumes any legal subconuactors. or the...

In this paper I use longitudinal data to study the effects of changes in industrial composition on wages during the 1970s and 1980s. I find that over ten year periods, workers who are initially in industries that subsequently expand have faster wage growth. Also, wage growth is strongly related to employment changes in industries the individual is likely to move to. These effects are larger dur...