In order to simulate global magnetogydrodynamic phenomena in tokamaks, a new gyrokinetic PIC (particle-in-cell) code, Gpic-MHD, is developed. Gpic-MHD is written in cylindrical geometry and has single-helicity (two-dimensional) version and multi-helicity (three-dimensional) version. The kinetic internal kink mode is successfully simulated and compared with the results of gyro-reduced-MHD (GRM) ...

The propagation of MHD kink/sausage low frequency waves in the magnetotail with a finite normal Bz component is addressed. The general idea is to investigate how a finite Bz may affect the propagation of MHD eigenmodes in the plasma sheet. The standard MHD equations are linearized and solved numerically in a modified Harris sheet. Boundary conditions are chosen such that energy flows outward of...

Anemia is a frequent complication in the maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. However, data on serum hepcidin level as a guide in MHD patients are limited. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum hepcidin level on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and/or intravenous iron therapy among MHD patients. A total of 32 MHD patients receiving ESAs and iron therapy were enr...

Global stationary configurations of both aligned and logarithmic spiral magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) perturbations are constructed analytically within an axisymmetric background of razor-thin scale-free gas disc, which is embedded in an axisymmetric gravitational potential of a dark matter halo and involves an isopedic magnetic field almost vertically threaded through the disc plane. The scale-fre...

BACKGROUND Protein energy wasting (PEW) is common in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and closely associated with poor outcomes. Insulin resistance and associated alterations in amino acid metabolism are potential pathways leading to PEW. We hypothesized that the measurement of leucine disposal during a hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamp (HEAC) procedure would ...

Liquid metal wall concept has received a great deal of attention recently because of its perceived advantages in addressing high heat flux, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability, and other related issues in advanced confinement schemes. Despite its inherent and clear benefits, this concept also poses potentially serious problems from the MHD equilibrium and stability point of view. In particular,...

Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) plasmas exhibit a broad spectrum of MHD activity. The instability underlying much of this activity in the standard RFP discharge has been identified as resistive tearing and is well modelled by nonlinear, resistive MHD. In recent years two additional types of discharge have been produced: those with reduced tearing activity leading to improved confinement and those wi...

Simulated annealing (SA) is applied for three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium calculation of ideal, low-beta reduced MHD in cylindrical geometry. The SA is based on the theory of Hamiltonian mechanics. The dynamical equation of the original system, low-beta reduced MHD in this study, is modified so that the energy changes monotonically while preserving the Casimir invariants in the artificial dyna...

A simple, compact, and systematic derivation is given of the characteristic properties of the magnetohydrodynamic ~MHD! equations with two independent variables ~time-dependent MHD in the xt plane and steady MHD in the xy plane!, based on the symmetrizable Galilean invariant form of the equations and using a matrix approach. A numerically obtained stationary planar field-aligned MHD bow shock f...

This article concentrates on the effect of MHD heat mass transfer on the stagnation point nanofluid flow over a stretching or shrinking sheet with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The flow analysis is disclosed in the neighborhood of stagnation point. Features of heat transport are characterized with Newtonian heating. The homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reaction between the fluid and di...