This paper introduces the notion of Open Societal Innovation (OSI). OSI refers to the adaptation and subsequent sustainable use of appropriate open innovation approaches from business, adapted and utilized by state and society to solve societal challenges. Examples that match the understanding of OSI are discussed in order to gain a broader understanding for this phenomenon.

This paper is a critique on Hanseth et al. (1996), a study that centres on the question: does standardisation fix the parameters of ICT development and thus hamper innovation. Its conclusions are based on arguments drawn from the classic OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) debate. This paper starts with an analysis of the different aspects...

1 Abstract The DECnet/OSI for ULTRIX software was developed to allow the ULTRIX operating system and ULTRIX workstation software systems to operate in a multivendor, multiprotocol network based on open standards. It operates in a complex networking environment that includes OSI, DECnet Phase IV, X.25, and TCP/IP protocols. BSD sockets and protocol switch tables provide the entry points that def...

BACKGROUND/AIM Occupational stress is a term used to define ongoing stress that is related to the workplace. The study was conducted to determine association of occupational stress index (OSI) and its aspects with arterial hypertension and lipid disorders using data from a cross-sectional survey of male professional drivers. METHODS The cross-sectional study was performed in 439 professional ...

mTOR is aberrantly activated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and plays pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Rapamycin has been reported to exert antitumor activity in HCC and sensitizes HCC cells to cytotoxic agents. However, due to feedback activation of AKT after mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibition, simultaneous targeting of mTORC1/2 may be more effective. In this study, we ex...