Hypertensive patients unable to reach blood pressure (BP) targets with antihypertensive monotherapy may be switched to a combination of two medications with complementary modes of action for improved treatment response. This post hoc analysis pools data from 2812 patients, 1891 of whom were not at goal (diastolic BP [DBP] <90 mm Hg) with amlodipine 5 mg (A5) monotherapy who subsequently switche...

The phenotype of excitatory cerebral cortex neurons is specified at the progenitor level, orchestrated by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here, we provide evidence for a subcortical contribution to cortical progenitor regulation by thalamic axons via ephrin A5-EphA4 interactions. Ephrin A5 is expressed by thalamic axons and represents a high-affinity ligand for EphA4 receptors detected...

Urea movement across plasma membranes is modulated by specialized transporter proteins that are products of two genes, termed UT-A and UT-B. These proteins play key roles in the urinary concentrating mechanism and fluid homeostasis. We have isolated and characterized a 1.4-kb cDNA from testes encoding a new isoform (UT-A5) belonging to the UT-A transporter family. For comparison, we also isolat...

The transport of lysosomal proteins is, in general, mediated by mannose 6-phosphate receptors via carbohydrate modifications. Here, we describe a novel class of receptors that regulate the transport of lysosomal hydrolases in the enteric protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is a good model organism to investigate membrane traffic. A novel 110 kDa cysteine protease (CP) receptor (CP-binding pr...

This paper describes the GSM voice confidentiality cipher A5/1 and surveys a set of attacks against it. The attacks clearly demonstrate that A5/1 does not provide sufficient levels of security for protecting the confidentiality of GSM voice traffic.

A5/1 pseudo-random bit generator, known from GSM networks, potentially might be used for different purposes, such as secret hiding during cryptographic hardware testing, stream encryption in piconets and others. The main advantages of A5/1 are low cost and a fixed output ratio. We show that a hardware implementation of A5/1 and similar constructions must be quite careful. It faces a danger of a...

Ephrin-A5 has been implicated in the regulation of brain morphogenesis and axon pathfinding. In this study, we used bacterial homologous recombination to express a LacZ reporter in various ephrin-A5 BAC clones to identify elements that regulate ephrin-A5 gene expression during mesencephalon development. We found that there is mesencephalon-specific enhancer activity localized to a specific +25....

PDGF-BB/PDGFR-ββ signaling plays very crucial roles in the process of many diseases such as liver fibrosis. However, drug candidates with selective affinities for PDGF-B/PDGFR-β remain deficient. Here, we identified a natural cyclopeptide termed destruxin A5 that effectively inhibits PDGF-BB-induced PDGFR-β signaling. Interestingly and importantly, the inhibitory mechanism is distinct from the ...

The adult pattern of neural connectivity is shaped by repulsive and attractive factors, many of which are modulated by activity. Although much is known about the actions of these factors when studied in isolation, little is known about how they interact. To address this question, we examined the effects of sequential or coapplication of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Fc-conjugated...