BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is more common in patients with COPD than in the adult general population, with studies of hospitalized CAP patients consistently reporting COPD as a frequent comorbidity. However, despite an increasing recognition of its importance, large studies evaluating the incidence patterns over time, risk factors and burden of CAP in COPD are currently lacki...

هدف انتخاب تأمین‌کنندگان و تخصیص سفارش بر اساس ابعاد پایداری ریسک پایداری، در شرایط عدم‌­قطعیت برخی پارامترها است؛ همچنین با محدودیت استراتژی کاهش برای مدیریت همراه است. معیارهای ریسک، امتیاز توسط روش‌های تاپسیس فازی تجزیه‌وتحلیل آثار شکست محاسبه شده است سپس برنامه تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای ایجاد معیار ارزش معرض شرطی، پیرامون تأمین منابع یک فضای چند­دوره‌ای برنامه‌‎ریزی دستیابی به برنامه‌ریزی انعطاف‌پ...

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is, as its name implies, characterized by obsessions (i.e., recurrent thoughts or images, particularly ones that cause distress) as well as compulsions (i.e., urges to perform mental or physical acts repeatedly), both of which significantly impair everyday functioning [1]. Obsessions are considered to be recurrent distressing impressions that something is wro...

Twenty-one patients with advanced breast cancer (7 premenopausal and 14 postmenopausal women) were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP). The median age of the patients was 43 years (range 36-61). This therapy was repeated every 3 weeks. Nine patients (group 1) received CAP as primary therapy for metastatic breast cancer, and twelve patients (group...

Compound action potential (CAP) of spinal cord represents valuable properties of neural fibers including excitability, rate of myelination and membrane integrity. These properties are measured using amplitude, latency and area under curve of CAPs recorded from spinal cord. Here, the isolated spinal cord was set in a double sucrose gap (DSG) chamber and its response to intracellular stimulation ...

Capsaicin (CAP) excites small sensory neurons, causing pain, neurogenic inflammation, and other visceral reflexes. These effects have been proposed to be the result of CAP activation of a nonselective cation current. It is generally assumed that CAP binds to an extracellular domain of the membrane receptor. However, the exact binding site is not known because of the lipophilic nature of CAP. To...

[1] The polar cap index (PCI) has been shown to be quite useful as an index of the electrodynamic processes within the high-latitude ionosphere. Here we use between 150 and 180 magnetometers to model the high-latitude electrodynamics with the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) technique for all of 1997–2001. We compare AMIE calculations of the cross polar cap potential (...

We introduce a “smart” cap and trade system that eliminates the welfare costs of asymmetric information (“uncertainty”). This cap increases or decreases in response to technology or macroeconomic shocks. It relies on the market price of certificates to aggregate the relevant information. In the static setting, Weitzman (1974) shows that a tax is more efficient than a (standard) cap if marginal ...