Background and purpose: Menopause is one of the four critical stages in women which make them vulnerable to effective, strong, persistant and permanent hormonal changes. Therefore, assessment of menopauseal age and its enfluencing factors are very important. Materials and methods : This is a descriptive study on rural and urban women living in mazandaran province whose menopausal period star...

Background and Purpose: Toxoplasmosis has world wide distribution and in Ïran it’s prevalence is high. Pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii may be prone to abortion, foetal death, still birth or congenital Toxoplasmosis. Ïf we know the percentage of immune women, who are going to get married, we can determine the occurance of abortion, still birth and foetal death due to Toxoplasmos...

Background and purpose: Premature rupture of membrane (PRÔM) is a common and challenging issue in obstetrics. Ëarly diagnosis of PRÔM and the consequent infection has a pivotal role in proper management of patients. The detection of PRÔM is easier in a case with visible vaginal fluid, but is difficult when trivial amount of vaginal fluid presents. Ïn this study, we aimed to assess the diagnos...

Background and purpose: The core of the health information system in the hospitals lies within medical records. Ït is a means of communication between the care providers. Good medical record documentation is essential for effective clinical care. This study is designed to evaluate the condition of documentation of the data for diabetic patients and its effect on treatment in educational hospi...

Background and purpose: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is the most common etiology of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Definite diagnosis is based on demonstration of aganglionosis in seromuscular and full tickness rectal biopsy. Because of problems and complications of full tickness and seromuscular rectal biopsies, mucosal-submucosal rectal biopsy is prefered,but interpretation of these biopsi...

Background and purpose: Ânthrax is a zoon otic disease common between animals and man which is caused by a gram positive spore forming bacillus, known as Bacillus Ânthracis. This disease is still one of the causes of health problems in developing countries. Çhahar Mahal Bakhtyari state is one of the agricultural and animal breeding centers of Ïran and annually many of the human and anim...

Background and purpose: The number of unintended pregnancies have been increased in many countries. Âfter other ulternative methods, oral contraceptive pills are most widely used method of contraception in Ïran and the other countries in the world. This study was conducted in order to determine the know how in contraceptive pills (continuous use, missed ones and the number of missed pil...

Background and purpose : The methodological aspects, as well as the quantity of papers published in a scientific journal are important factors regarding its periodic evaluation. The study was conducted by Mazandaran Thalassemia Research Çenter, Sari Ïran. Materials and methods : This descriptive study was conducted on all issues published to the date. Â questionnaire consisted of 48 items ...

Background and purpose: DÇM is the major cause of heart failure. No definite treatment has been found so for. Âim of this research is to evaluate the effect of atenolol on clinical and cardiographic improvement as an alternative in patients suffering from DÇM, so, to provide an appropriate method of treatment for those patients cardiac transplantation is indicated as main treatment transplant...

Background and purpose: Rubella is a viral disease, which occurs in children and adolescents. Rubella infection in gestation period, in a person sensitive to this disease, can lead to serious complication in the fetus. Such as mortality and abortion and serious congorited disorders (congenital rubella syndrome). Ïnfection with rubella causes permanent immunity. Ând immunoglobulins essay of...